减小数据结构的尺寸

比如这样一个结构体

#define ATTR_SIZE 50
#define BODY_SIZE 6000

struct LIST_OF_OBJ {
    struct LIST_OF_OBJ *next;
    int obj_attr[ATTR_SIZE];
    int obj_body[BODY_SIZE];
};

如果某些情况下，比如只需遍历使用obj_attr，那么在遍历的时候，obj_body这个巨大的数组也会被加载到内存，然后再加载到CPU的缓存中，但是实际上是不需要的，所以这个加载就浪费了很多的时间。所以可以改成这个样子

#define N_ELEM  10000

#define ATTR_SIZE 50
#define BODY_SIZE 6000

struct LIST_OF_OBJ_OPT {
    struct LIST_OF_OBJ_OPT *next;
    int obj_attr[ATTR_SIZE];
    int *obj_body;//改为指针形式
};

这样的话,访问obj_attr的时候，多余加载进来的就只有四个字节的obj_body，就不会浪费很多的时间了

当然，如果需要计算链表个数，也就是有只访问next的情况，那么obj_attr也可以改成指针的形式。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/time.h>

#define N_ELEM  10000

#define ATTR_SIZE 50
#define BODY_SIZE 6000

struct LIST_OF_OBJ {
    struct LIST_OF_OBJ *next;
    int obj_attr[ATTR_SIZE];
    int obj_body[BODY_SIZE];
};

struct LIST_OF_OBJ *list_of_obj, *tmp_list_of_obj;

struct LIST_OF_OBJ_OPT {
    struct LIST_OF_OBJ_OPT *next;
    int obj_attr[ATTR_SIZE];
    int *obj_body;
};

struct LIST_OF_OBJ_OPT *list_of_obj_opt, *tmp_list_of_obj_opt;

void test1()
{
    struct  timeval  start1;
    struct  timeval  end1;

    list_of_obj = (struct LIST_OF_OBJ *)malloc(N_ELEM * sizeof(struct LIST_OF_OBJ));

    for (int a = 0; a < N_ELEM; a++) {
        list_of_obj[a].next = list_of_obj + a + 1;
    }
    list_of_obj[N_ELEM - 1].next = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < N_ELEM; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < ATTR_SIZE; j++)
        {
            list_of_obj[i].obj_attr[j] = j;
        }
    }
    

    tmp_list_of_obj = list_of_obj;
    gettimeofday(&start1, NULL);
    int x = 0;
    do {
        for (int attr = 0; attr < ATTR_SIZE; attr++)
        {
            x += tmp_list_of_obj[0].obj_attr[attr];
        }
    }while(tmp_list_of_obj=tmp_list_of_obj[0].next);
    gettimeofday(&end1, NULL);
    int speedtime = (end1.tv_sec * 1000000 + end1.tv_usec) - (start1.tv_sec * 1000000 + start1.tv_usec);    
    
    printf("%d gettimeofday = %d\n", x, speedtime);
}

void test2()
{
    struct  timeval  start1;
    struct  timeval  end1;

    list_of_obj_opt = (struct LIST_OF_OBJ_OPT *)malloc(N_ELEM * sizeof(struct LIST_OF_OBJ_OPT));

    for (int a = 0; a < N_ELEM; a++) {
        list_of_obj_opt[a].next = list_of_obj_opt + a + 1;
        list_of_obj_opt[a].obj_body = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * BODY_SIZE);
    }
    list_of_obj_opt[N_ELEM - 1].next = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < N_ELEM; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < ATTR_SIZE; j++)
        {
            list_of_obj_opt[i].obj_attr[j] = j;
        }
    }

    tmp_list_of_obj_opt = list_of_obj_opt;

    gettimeofday(&start1, NULL);
    int x = 0;
    do {
        for (int attr = 0; attr < ATTR_SIZE; attr++)
        {
            x += tmp_list_of_obj_opt[0].obj_attr[attr];
        }
    }while(tmp_list_of_obj_opt=tmp_list_of_obj_opt[0].next);

    gettimeofday(&end1, NULL);
    int speedtime = (end1.tv_sec * 1000000 + end1.tv_usec) - (start1.tv_sec * 1000000 + start1.tv_usec);    
    
    printf("%d gettimeofday = %d\n", x, speedtime);
}

int main() {
    test1();
    test2();
    return 0;
}

在ubuntu的测试效果如下: