Write a DIB to a JPEG File (BMP2JPG)

To get jpeg.lib:

1) Go to Ulrich von Zadow's  "Class library for image file decoding" article, and click on the "Links" link.

2) Click on the "LIBJPEG ver 6b" link to download the "vanilla" libjpeg.

3) Do not use Mr. von Zadow's "Paintlib" version of libjpeg, because he seems to have made some internal changes for his own use.

The jpeg.lib project (LibJpeg) is set up to compile under numerous operating systems. The download includes a file called install.doc. Read the sections relevant to VC++/Windows. You have to rename a couple of files, etc.

The first time I installed and compiled libjpeg, it took a long time and was very aggravating. I then re-read the instructions, and it took about fifteen minutes. I'm sure there's a lesson here...

Testing Notes:

To test the code, I used MS Paint to create bitmap files in the four supported formats.

I then set up a VC++ project which read the bitmap files, and used the functions below to turn them into JPEG files (.jpg).

I then used Julian Smart's CImage demo application to display them.

I also used Internet Explorer as well as MS Word to display them.

I also created a jpeg file by loading an internal resource (see the example below). The largest bitmap file I dealt with was about 390 KB.

Error trapping:

libjpeg includes a number of provisions for improving error detection, and reporting them in a good manner. I have not investigated these, and the code does not include any of them. Right now, an internal error will simply cause the code to stop cold.

To get at jpeg.lib properly in your project:

1. Under tools->options, directories tab:
   1. Set the Include Files to include the path to your jpeg.lib project
   2. Set the Library Files to include the path to your jpeg.lib release directory
2. Under Project->Settings, Link tab:
   1. Add jpeg.lib to the Object/library modules list

Note on Quality Settings:

For the IDB_TEST resource, I tried two quality settings: 10 and 100. At "10", the image had a lot of black spottiness, and took up 1 KB. At "100" the image looked very good, and took up 4 KB.

 

/ //Example of use: / void MakeJpeg() { CBitmap cBitmap; BITMAP bm; CString csMsg = ""; cBitmap.LoadBitmap(IDB_TEST); cBitmap.GetBitmap(&bm); HANDLE hDib = DDBToDIB((HBITMAP)cBitmap, BI_RGB, NULL); //Use default palette //Turn DIB into JPEG file if (hDib != NULL) { if (!JpegFromDib(hDib, 100, //Quality setting "test.jpg", &csMsg)) { AfxMessageBox(csMsg); } else AfxMessageBox("test.jpg created"); ::GlobalFree(hDib); } else AfxMessageBox("Failed to load IDB_TEST"); } //Header file code //In the relevant header file (up near the top): #include "jpeglib.h" BOOL JpegFromDib(HANDLE hDib, //Handle to DIB int nQuality, //JPEG quality (0-100) CString csJpeg, //Pathname to target jpeg file CString* pcsMsg); //Error msg to return BOOL BuildSamps(HANDLE hDib, int nSampsPerRow, struct jpeg_compress_struct cinfo, JSAMPARRAY jsmpArray, CString* pcsMsg); RGBQUAD QuadFromWord(WORD b16); //Source file code extern "C" { #include "jpeglib.h" } #include struct ima_error_mgr { struct jpeg_error_mgr pub; //"public" fields jmp_buf setjmp_buffer; //for return to caller }; //This function takes the contents of a DIB //and turns it into a JPEG file. // //The DIB may be monochrome, 16-color, 256-color, or 24-bit color. // //Any functions or data items beginning with "jpeg_" belong to jpeg.lib, //and are not included here. // //The function assumes 3 color components per pixel. / BOOL JpegFromDib(HANDLE hDib, //Handle to DIB int nQuality, //JPEG quality (0-100) CString csJpeg, //Pathname to jpeg file CString* pcsMsg) //Error msg to return { //Basic sanity checks... if (nQuality < 0 || nQuality > 100 || hDib == NULL || pcsMsg == NULL || csJpeg == "") { if (pcsMsg != NULL) *pcsMsg = "Invalid input data"; return FALSE; } *pcsMsg = ""; LPBITMAPINFOHEADER lpbi = (LPBITMAPINFOHEADER)hDib; byte *buf2 = 0; //Use libjpeg functions to write scanlines to disk in JPEG format struct jpeg_compress_struct cinfo; struct jpeg_error_mgr jerr; FILE* pOutFile; //Target file int nSampsPerRow; //Physical row width in image buffer JSAMPARRAY jsmpArray; //Pixel RGB buffer for JPEG file cinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr); //Use default error handling (ugly!) jpeg_create_compress(&cinfo); if ((pOutFile = fopen(csJpeg, "wb")) == NULL) { *pcsMsg = "Cannot open "; *pcsMsg += csJpeg; jpeg_destroy_compress(&cinfo); return FALSE; } jpeg_stdio_dest(&cinfo, pOutFile); cinfo.image_width = lpbi->biWidth; //Image width and height, in pixels cinfo.image_height = lpbi->biHeight; cinfo.input_components = 3; //Color components per pixel //(RGB_PIXELSIZE - see jmorecfg.h) cinfo.in_color_space = JCS_RGB; //Colorspace of input image jpeg_set_defaults(&cinfo); jpeg_set_quality(&cinfo, nQuality, //Quality: 0-100 scale TRUE); //Limit to baseline-JPEG values jpeg_start_compress(&cinfo, TRUE); //JSAMPLEs per row in output buffer nSampsPerRow = cinfo.image_width * cinfo.input_components; //Allocate array of pixel RGB values jsmpArray = (*cinfo.mem->alloc_sarray) ((j_common_ptr) &cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE, nSampsPerRow, cinfo.image_height); if (DibToSamps(hDib, nSampsPerRow, cinfo, jsmpArray, pcsMsg)) { //Write the array of scan lines to the JPEG file (void)jpeg_write_scanlines(&cinfo, jsmpArray, cinfo.image_height); } jpeg_finish_compress(&cinfo); //Always finish fclose(pOutFile); jpeg_destroy_compress(&cinfo); //Free resources if (*pcsMsg != "") return FALSE; else return TRUE; } //This function fills a jsmpArray with the RGB values //for the CBitmap. // //It has been improved to handle all legal bitmap formats. // //A jsmpArray is a big array of RGB values, 3 bytes per value. // //Note that rows of pixels are processed bottom to top: //The data in the jsamp array must be arranged top to bottom. BOOL DibToSamps(HANDLE hDib, int nSampsPerRow, struct jpeg_compress_struct cinfo, JSAMPARRAY jsmpPixels, CString* pcsMsg) { //Sanity... if (hDib == NULL || nSampsPerRow <= 0 || pcsMsg == NULL) { if (pcsMsg !=NULL) *pcsMsg="Invalid input data"; return FALSE; } int r=0, p=0, q=0, b=0, n=0, nUnused=0, nBytesWide=0, nUsed=0, nLastBits=0, nLastNibs=0, nCTEntries=0, nRow=0, nByte=0, nPixel=0; BYTE bytCTEnt=0; LPBITMAPINFOHEADER pbBmHdr= (LPBITMAPINFOHEADER)hDib; //The bit count tells you the format of the bitmap: //Decide how many entries will be in the color table (if any) switch (pbBmHdr->biBitCount) { case 1: nCTEntries = 2; //Monochrome break; case 4: nCTEntries = 16; //16-color break; case 8: nCTEntries = 256; //256-color break; case 16: case 24: case 32: nCTEntries = 0; //No color table needed break; default: *pcsMsg = "Invalid bitmap bit count"; return FALSE; //Unsupported format } //Point to the color table and pixels DWORD dwCTab = (DWORD)pbBmHdr + pbBmHdr->biSize; LPRGBQUAD pCTab = (LPRGBQUAD)(dwCTab); LPSTR lpBits = (LPSTR)pbBmHdr + (WORD)pbBmHdr->biSize + (WORD)(nCTEntries * sizeof(RGBQUAD)); //Different formats for the image bits LPBYTE lpPixels = (LPBYTE) lpBits; RGBQUAD* pRgbQs = (RGBQUAD*)lpBits; WORD* wPixels = (WORD*) lpBits; //Set up the jsamps according to the bitmap's format. //Note that rows are processed bottom to top, because //that's how bitmaps are created. switch (pbBmHdr->biBitCount) { case 1: nUsed = (pbBmHdr->biWidth + 7) / 8; nUnused = (((nUsed + 3) / 4) * 4) - nUsed; nBytesWide = nUsed + nUnused; nLastBits = 8 - ((nUsed * 8) - pbBmHdr->biWidth); for (r=0; r < pbBmHdr->biHeight; r++) { for (p=0,q=0; p < nUsed; p++) { nRow=(pbBmHdr->biHeight-r-1) * nBytesWide; nByte = nRow + p; int nBUsed = (p <(nUsed 1)) ? 8 : nLastBits; for(b=0; b < nBUsed;b++) { bytCTEnt = lpPixels[nByte] << b; bytCTEnt = bytCTEnt >> 7; jsmpPixels[r][q+0] = pCTab[bytCTEnt].rgbRed; jsmpPixels[r][q+1] = pCTab[bytCTEnt].rgbGreen; jsmpPixels[r][q+2] = pCTab[bytCTEnt].rgbBlue; q += 3; } } } break; case 4: nUsed = (pbBmHdr->biWidth + 1) / 2; nUnused = (((nUsed + 3) / 4) * 4) - nUsed; nBytesWide = nUsed + nUnused; nLastNibs = 2 - ((nUsed * 2) - pbBmHdr->biWidth); for (r=0; r < pbBmHdr->biHeight;r++) { for (p=0,q=0; p < nUsed;p++) { nRow=(pbBmHdr->biHeight-r-1) * nBytesWide; nByte = nRow + p; int nNibbles = (p for(n=0; n < nNibbles;n++) { bytCTEnt=lpPixels[nByte] << (n*4); bytCTEnt=bytCTEnt > > (4-(n*4)); jsmpPixels[r][q+0] = pCTab[bytCTEnt].rgbRed; jsmpPixels[r][q+1] = pCTab[bytCTEnt].rgbGreen; jsmpPixels[r][q+2] = pCTab[bytCTEnt].rgbBlue; q += 3; } } } break; default: case 8: //Each byte is a pointer to a pixel color nUnused = (((pbBmHdr->biWidth + 3) / 4) * 4) - pbBmHdr->biWidth; for (r=0;r < pbBmHdr->biHeight; r++) { for (p=0,q=0; p < pbBmHdr->biWidth; p++,q+=3) { nRow = (pbBmHdr->biHeight-r-1) * (pbBmHdr->biWidth + nUnused); nPixel = nRow + p; jsmpPixels[r][q+0] = pCTab[lpPixels[nPixel]].rgbRed; jsmpPixels[r][q+1] = pCTab[lpPixels[nPixel]].rgbGreen; jsmpPixels[r][q+2] = pCTab[lpPixels[nPixel]].rgbBlue; } } break; case 16: //Hi-color (16 bits per pixel) for (r=0;r < pbBmHdr->biHeight; r++) { for (p=0,q=0; p < pbBmHdr->biWidth; p++,q+=3) { nRow = (pbBmHdr->biHeight-r-1) * pbBmHdr->biWidth; nPixel = nRow + p; RGBQUAD quad = QuadFromWord(wPixels[nPixel]); jsmpPixels[r][q+0] = quad.rgbRed; jsmpPixels[r][q+1] = quad.rgbGreen; jsmpPixels[r][q+2] = quad.rgbBlue; } } break; case 24: nBytesWide = (pbBmHdr->biWidth*3); nUnused = (((nBytesWide + 3) / 4) * 4) - nBytesWide; nBytesWide += nUnused; for (r=0;r biHeight;r++) { for (p=0,q=0;p < (nBytesWide-nUnused); p+=3,q+=3) { nRow = (pbBmHdr->biHeight-r-1) * nBytesWide; nPixel = nRow + p; jsmpPixels[r][q+0] = lpPixels[nPixel+2]; //Red jsmpPixels[r][q+1] = lpPixels[nPixel+1]; //Green jsmpPixels[r][q+2] = lpPixels[nPixel+0]; //Blue } } break; case 32: for (r=0; r < pbBmHdr->biHeight; r++) { for (p=0,q=0; p < pbBmHdr->biWidth; p++,q+=3) { nRow = (pbBmHdr->biHeight-r-1) * pbBmHdr->biWidth; nPixel = nRow + p; jsmpPixels[r][q+0] = pRgbQs[nPixel].rgbRed; jsmpPixels[r][q+1] = pRgbQs[nPixel].rgbGreen; jsmpPixels[r][q+2] = pRgbQs[nPixel].rgbBlue; } } break; } //end switch return TRUE; } //This function turns a 16-bit pixel //into an RGBQUAD value. RGBQUAD QuadFromWord(WORD b16) { BYTE bytVals[] = { 0, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104,112,120,128, 136,144,152,160,168,176,184,192, 200,208,216,224,232,240,248,255 }; WORD wR = b16; WORD wG = b16; WORD wB = b16; wR <<= 1; wR >>= 11; wG <<= 6; wG >>= 11; wB <<= 11; wB >>= 11; RGBQUAD rgb; rgb.rgbReserved = 0; rgb.rgbBlue = bytVals[wB]; rgb.rgbGreen = bytVals[wG]; rgb.rgbRed = bytVals[wR]; return rgb; }