1)压缩
tar -zcvf /tmp/etc.tar.gz /etc
2)解压到压缩目录
tar -zxvf /tmp/etc.tar.gz
3.指定目录
tar -cvf test.tgz test/ --exclude dir1
tar -zcvf /tmp/etc.tar.gz /etc
tar -zxvf /tmp/etc.tar.gz
tar -cvf test.tgz test/ --exclude dir1