蓝牙通信（移动开发作业六）

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一、实验目的

通过蓝牙技术实现两台手机之间互发消息

二、步骤

1.清单文件注册权限

代码如下：

<!--下面2个是普通权限，只需要在清单文件里注册，不需要在程序里动态申请-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />

2.在文件res/values/strings.xml里，添加程序运行过程中的状态描述文本及配色代码等

代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <string name="app_name">MyBluetooth</string>
    <string name="hello_blank_fragment">Hello blank fragment</string>
    <string name="send">发送</string>
    <string name="not_connected">你没有链接一个设备</string>
    <string name="bt_not_enabled_leaving">蓝牙不可用，离开聊天室</string>
    <string name="title_connecting">链接中...</string>
    <string name="title_connected_to">连接到：</string>
    <string name="title_not_connected">无链接</string>
    <string name="scanning">蓝牙设备搜索中...</string>
    <string name="select_device">选择一个好友链接</string>
    <string name="none_paired">没有配对好友</string>
    <string name="none_found">附近没有发现好友</string>
    <string name="title_paired_devices">已配对好友</string>
    <string name="title_other_devices">其它可连接好友</string>
    <string name="button_scan">搜索好友</string>
    <string name="connect">我的好友</string>
    <string name="discoverable">设置在线</string>
    <string name="back">退出</string>
    <string name="startVideo">开始聊天</string>
    <string name="stopVideo">结束聊天</string>
</resources>

3.在默认的主布局文件activity_main.xml里，添加1个Toolbar控件，其内包含2个水平的TextView控件；在Toolbar控件的下方添加1个ListView控件，用于显示聊天内容；最后在ListView控件的下方添加水平放置的1个EditText控件和一个Button控件。使用垂直线性布局并嵌套水平线性布局

代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@drawable/c">

    <!--新版Android支持的Toolbar，对标题栏布局-->
    <androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
        android:id="@+id/toolbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:orientation="horizontal">
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/title_left_text"
                style="?android:attr/windowTitleStyle"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:gravity="left"
                android:ellipsize="end"
                android:singleLine="true" />
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/title_right_text"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:ellipsize="end"
                android:gravity="right"
                android:singleLine="true"
                android:textColor="#fff" />
        </LinearLayout>
    </androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar>

    <ListView android:id="@+id/in"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:stackFromBottom="true"
        android:transcriptMode="alwaysScroll"
        android:layout_weight="1" />
    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/edit_text_out"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="bottom"
            android:layout_weight="1" />
        <Button android:id="@+id/button_send"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/send"/>
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

4. 新建一个Service，编写用于蓝牙会话的服务组件ChatService，本质上是一个工具类

代码如下：

package com.example.mybluetooth;

import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;

import android.bluetooth.BluetoothServerSocket;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.UUID;
/*
    本程序ChatService是蓝牙会话的服务程序
    定义了3个内部类：AcceptThread（接受新连接）、ConnectThread（发出连接）和ConnectedThread （已连接）
*/
public class ChatService {
   
    //本应用的主Activity组件名称
    private static final String NAME = "BluetoothChat";
    // UUID：通用唯一识别码,是一个128位长的数字，一般用十六进制表示
    //算法的核心思想是结合机器的网卡、当地时间、一个随机数来生成
    //在创建蓝牙连接
    private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("fa87c0d0-afac-11de-8a39-0800200c9a66");
    private final BluetoothAdapter mAdapter;
    private final Handler mHandler;
    private AcceptThread mAcceptThread;
    private ConnectThread mConnectThread;
    private ConnectedThread mConnectedThread;
    private int mState;
    public static final int STATE_NONE = 0;
    public static final int STATE_LISTEN = 1;
    public static final int STATE_CONNECTING = 2;
    public static final int STATE_CONNECTED = 3;

    //构造方法，接收UI主线程传递的对象
    public ChatService(Context context, Handler handler) {
   
        //构造方法完成蓝牙对象的创建
        mAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        mState = STATE_NONE;
        mHandler = handler;
    }

    private synchronized void setState(int state) {
   
        mState = state;
        mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE, state, -1).sendToTarget();
    }

    public synchronized int getState() {
   
        return mState;
    }

    public synchronized void start() {
   
        if (mConnectThread != null) {
   
            mConnectThread.cancel();
            mConnectThread = null;
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
   
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        if (mAcceptThread == null) {
   
            mAcceptThread = new AcceptThread();
            mAcceptThread.start();
        }
        setState(STATE_LISTEN);
    }

    //取消 CONNECTING 和 CONNECTED 状态下的相关线程，然后运行新的 mConnectThread 线程
    public synchronized void connect(BluetoothDevice device) {
   
        if (mState == STATE_CONNECTING) {
   
            if (mConnectThread != null) {
   
                mConnectThread.cancel();
                mConnectThread = null;
            }
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
   
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        mConnectThread = new ConnectThread(device);
        mConnectThread.start();
        setState(STATE_CONNECTING);
    }

    /*
        开启一个 ConnectedThread 来管理对应的当前连接。之前先取消任意现存的 mConnectThread 、
        mConnectedThread 、 mAcceptThread 线程，然后开启新 mConnectedThread ，传入当前刚刚接受的
        socket 连接。最后通过 Handler来通知UI连接
     */
    public synchronized void connected(BluetoothSocket socket, BluetoothDevice device) {
   
        if (mConnectThread != null) {
   
            mConnectThread.cancel();
            mConnectThread = null;
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
   
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        if (mAcceptThread != null) {
   
            mAcceptThread.cancel();
            mAcceptThread = null;
        }
        mConnectedThread = new ConnectedThread(socket);
        mConnectedThread.start();
        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME)