孙鑫VC学习笔记：第五讲 文本编程

1.创建插入符
  CWnd::CreateSolidCaret
  MSDN
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  CWnd::CreateSolidCaret 
  Creates a solid rectangle for the system caret and claims ownership of the caret.

 void CreateSolidCaret(
    int nWidth,          //插入符的宽度,为0,表示系统定义的窗口边界宽度
    int nHeight          //插入符的高度,为0,表示系统定义的窗口边界高度
 );
 The system's window-border width or height can be retrieved by the
 GetSystemMetrics Windows function with the SM_CXBORDER and SM_CYBORDER indexes.

 To show the caret, the ShowCaret member function must be called.
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.获得文本信息
  CDC::GetTextMetrics
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Retrieves the metrics for the current font using the attribute device context.

 BOOL GetTextMetrics(
    LPTEXTMETRIC lpMetrics 
 ) const;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  TEXTMETRIC 
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  typedef struct tagTEXTMETRIC { 
    LONG tmHeight;                   //字体的高度
    LONG tmAscent;                   //基线以上的部分的长度                                  
    LONG tmDescent;                  //基线以下的地方
    LONG tmInternalLeading;          
    LONG tmExternalLeading; 
    LONG tmAveCharWidth;             //平均字符宽度
    LONG tmMaxCharWidth;             //最大字符宽度
    LONG tmWeight; 
    LONG tmOverhang; 
    LONG tmDigitizedAspectX; 
    LONG tmDigitizedAspectY; 
    TCHAR tmFirstChar; 
    TCHAR tmLastChar; 
    TCHAR tmDefaultChar; 
    TCHAR tmBreakChar; 
    BYTE tmItalic; 
    BYTE tmUnderlined; 
    BYTE tmStruckOut; 
    BYTE tmPitchAndFamily; 
    BYTE tmCharSet; 
  } TEXTMETRIC, *PTEXTMETRIC; 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 TextView.CPP
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 int CTextView::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct) 
 {
 if (CView::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) == -1)
  return -1;
 
 // TODO: Add your specialized creation code here
 CClientDC dc(this);
 TEXTMETRIC tm;

 dc.GetTextMetrics(&tm);

 CreateSolidCaret(tm.tmAveCharWidth/8,tm.tmHeight); //创建插入符
 ShowCaret();              //显示插入符
 
 return 0;
 }
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.创建图形插入符.
  CWnd::CreateCaret
  MSDN
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  CWnd::CreateCaret 
     Creates a new shape for the system caret and claims ownership of the caret.

 void CreateCaret(
    CBitmap* pBitmap 
 );
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.输出文字
  CTextView::OnDraw(CDC *pDC)函数当窗口发生重绘的时候,就会被应用程序的框架所调用.

5.字符串类CString
  CString的构造函数
  MSDN
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   CString();
   CString(const CString& stringSrc);
   throw(CMemoryException);

   CString(TCHAR ch, int nRepeat = 1);
   throw(CMemoryException);
   
   CString(LPCTSTR lpch, int nLength);
   throw(CMemoryException);
   
   CString( const unsigned char* psz);
   throw(CMemoryException);
   
   CString(LPCWSTR lpsz);
   throw(CMemoryException);
   
   CString(LPCSTR lpsz);
   throw(CMemoryException);
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 LoadString
 MSDN
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 CString::LoadString
  The LoadStringW method reads a Windows string resource (identified by nID) into
  an existing CString object.

 int LoadStringW(
   UINT nID  
   ) throw (CHeap_Exception);
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 TextView.CPP
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 void CTextView::OnDraw(CDC* pDC)
    {
 CTextDoc* pDoc = GetDocument();
 ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);
 // TODO: add draw code for native data here
 //CString str="Hello Visual C++!";
 CString str;
 //str="Hello Visual C++!";
 str.LoadString(IDS_HELLOVC);
 pDC->TextOut(50,50,str);
    }
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6.创建路径
CDC::BeginPath函数
MSDN
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CDC::BeginPath //打开路径
 Opens a path bracket in the device context.

 BOOL BeginPath( );
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CDC::GetTextExtent //
MSDN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CDC::GetTextExtent
 Call this member function to compute the width and height of a line of text using
 the current font to determine the dimensions.

 CSize GetTextExtent(
    LPCTSTR lpszString,
    int nCount 
 ) const;
 CSize GetTextExtent(
    const CString& str 
 ) const;
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MSDN
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CDC::SelectClipPath
 Selects the current path as a clipping region for the device context, combining 
 he new region with any existing clipping region by using the specified mode.

 BOOL SelectClipPath(
    int nMode 
 );
 RGN_DIFF   The new clipping region includes the areas of the current clipping
 region, and those of the current path are excluded. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 选择当前的路径作为一个剪切区域,联合新的区域和一个现存的剪切区域按照指定的模式进行互
 操作
 
TextView.CPP
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 void CTextView::OnDraw(CDC* pDC)
    {
  CTextDoc* pDoc = GetDocument();
  ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);
  // TODO: add draw code for native data here
  //CString str="Hello Visual C++!";
  CString str;
  str="Hello Visual C++!";
  pDC->TextOut(50,50,str);
  CSize sz=pDC->GetTextExtent(str);

  pDC->BeginPath();
  pDC->Rectangle(50,50,50+sz.cx,50+sz.cy);
  pDC->EndPath();
  pDC->SelectClipPath(RGN_AND);
  for (int i=0; i<300; i+=10)
  {
   pDC->MoveTo(0,i);
   pDC->LineTo(300,i);
   pDC->MoveTo(i,0);
   pDC->LineTo(i,300);
  }
    }
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 7.实现字符输出的功能
   移动插入符:
   CWnd::SetCaretPos
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   CWnd::SetCaretPos
  Sets the position of the caret.

  static void PASCAL SetCaretPos(
     POINT point       //静态方法,设置插入符的位置
  );
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 获取窗口的背景色:
 CDC::GetBKColor
 MSDN
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 CDC::GetBkColor
  Returns the current background color.

  COLORREF GetBkColor( ) const;
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   设置文本的颜色
   CDC::SetTextColor
   MSDN
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   CDC::SetTextColor
 Sets the text color to the specified color.

 virtual COLORREF SetTextColor(
    COLORREF crColor 
 );

 Return Value
  An RGB value for the previous text color.
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  截取字符串函数
  CString::Left
  MSDN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  CString::Left
    The Left method extracts the first (that is, leftmost) nCount characters from
 a CHString string and returns a copy of the extracted substring. If nCount
 exceeds the string length, then the entire string is extracted.

 CString Left(
   int nCount
 ) const throw (CHeap_Exception);
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CString::GetLength
  MSDN
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  CString::GetLength
    The GetLength method gets a count of the number of wide characters in this 
 CString string. The count does not include a NULL terminator.

   int GetLength();
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8.创建字体
 CFont类
 CFont::CFont构造函数
 MSDN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 CFont::CFont
    Constructs a CFont object.

 CFont( );
 Remarks
 The resulting object must be initialized with CreateFont, CreateFontIndirect, 
 CreatePointFont, or CreatePointFontIndirect before it can be used.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 CFont::CreatePointFont
 This function provides a simple way to create a font of a specified typeface
 and point size.

 BOOL CreatePointFont(
    int nPointSize,            //设置字体的大小
    LPCTSTR lpszFaceName,      //设置字体的名字
    CDC* pDC = NULL            //转换字体的大小为逻辑单位
 );
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9.制作卡拉OK字幕.

CDC::DrawText
MSDN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CDC::DrawText
 Call this member function to format text in the given rectangle. To specify 
 additional formatting options, use CDC::DrawTextEx.

 virtual int DrawText(
    LPCTSTR lpszString,
    int nCount,
    LPRECT lpRect,                   //输出的范围
    UINT nFormat                     //输出的格式
 );
 int DrawText(
    const CString& str,
    LPRECT lpRect,
    UINT nFormat 
 );
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
设置定时器CWnd::SetTimer
MSDN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CWnd::SetTimer
  Installs a system timer.

  UINT_PTR SetTimer(
     UINT_PTR nIDEvent,                //非0的定时器标识
     UINT nElapse,                     //发送定时器消息的间隔时间(单位:0.001s)
     void (CALLBACK* lpfnTimer         //回调函数指针,当我们设定好回调函数,那么
  )(HWND,                              //WM_TIMER消息被放到应用程序消息队列,由     
     UINT,                             //CWnd对象进行处理
     UINT_PTR,
     DWORD
  ) 
  );