vim详细说明和配置
1. vim支持的功能和搜索目录
终端输入：vim –version 可以查看vim支持的功能和搜索目录。（+）代表支持的功能，（-）代表不支持的功能，有些vim插件（例如youcompleteme)需要pythone的支持，如果vim不支持python，就要重装vim。搜索目录是vim加载脚本时的查找路径，在终端输入vim，然后输入“:scriptname”就可以查看脚本调用的顺序，这在调试脚本的时候是相当有用的。
笔者vim的搜索路径如下
系统 vimrc 文件: "$VIM/vimrc"
用户 vimrc 文件: "$HOME/.vimrc"
第二用户 vimrc 文件: "~/.vim/vimrc"
用户 exrc 文件: "$HOME/.exrc"
$VIM 预设值: "/usr/share/vim"其它网站在介绍vim的配置的时候都是推荐在$HOME/.vimrc上进行配置，这种配置最大的好处就是只对当前用户有效，但这也是弊端，有时系统上有好些用户，就要对每个用户进行配置，这是很麻烦的。所以，笔者建议在/usr/share/vim/vimrc上进行配置。
2. vim常规配置
将下面的代码复制到/usr/share/vim/vimrc中，双引号”后面是注释，读者可以大致看看，至于配置代码的具体语法可以推荐读者查阅vim的脚本语言vimscript。
"============================== UI Settings =================================
">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Map leader <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
let mapleader=',' "功能键的前缀
filetype on
filetype plugin on
syntax enable "开启高亮
syntax on "打开高亮
highlight Number ctermfg=DarkCyan
map <F6> :nohl<CR>
set nowrap "禁止折行
"*.md文件允许折行
autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.md setlocal wrap
set mouse=a "支持鼠标
set nu "显示行数
set shiftwidth=4 "换行时行间交错使用4空格
set cindent shiftwidth=4 "自动缩进4空格
set ts=4 "tab四个空格
set expandtab
set autoread "当文件在外部修改时，Vim自动更新载入
set magic "正则表达式匹配形式
set ignorecase "搜索时忽略大小写
set hlsearch "高亮显示结果
set smartcase "有一个或一个以上大写字母时仍然大小写敏感
set smartindent "智能缩进
set backspace=indent,eol,start "backspace 删除启用
"set paste
"set formatoptions=ql
"===================折叠代码====================
set foldmethod=syntax
set nofoldenable
"=================== 状态栏 ====================
"状态栏设置
set laststatus=2
if !has('gui_running')
set t_Co=256
endif
"====================快捷方式====================
"保存
inoremap <c-w> <Esc>:w<cr>a
nnoremap <c-w> :w<cr>
"保存并退出
inoremap <c-e> <Esc>:wq<cr>
nnoremap <c-e> :wq<cr>
"删除一行
inoremap <Delete>d <Esc>ddi
"插入一行
inoremap <a-o> <Esc>o
inoremap <a-O> <Esc>03. 自动关闭标签
上面的代码可以对代码进行缩进和高亮等，在编辑代码的时候有时需要自动关闭标签。读者想实现这个功能就将下面的代码附加到上面的代码后。
"==================自动补全括号等============================
inoremap ( <c-r>=OpenPair('(')<CR>
inoremap ) <c-r>=ClosePair(')')<CR>
inoremap { <c-r>=OpenPair('{')<CR>
inoremap } <c-r>=ClosePair('}')<CR>
inoremap [ <c-r>=OpenPair('[')<CR>
inoremap ] <c-r>=ClosePair(']')<CR>
inoremap <Enter> <c-r>=TestEnterPair()<CR>
function! TestEnterPair()
let linestr = getline('.')
let colno = col('.')
if linestr[colno - 1] == '}' && linestr[colno - 2] == '{'
return "\<Enter>\<Enter>\<Up>\t"
else
return "\<Enter>"
endif
endfunction
" just for xml document, but need not for now.
"inoremap < <c-r>=OpenPair('<')<CR>
"inoremap > <c-r>=ClosePair('>')<CR>
function! OpenPair(char)
let PAIRs = {
\ '{' : '}',
\ '[' : ']',
\ '(' : ')',
\ '<' : '>'
\}
if line('$')>2000
let line = getline('.')
let txt = strpart(line, col('.')-1)
else
let lines = getline(1,line('$'))
let line=""
for str in lines
let line = line . str . "\n"
endfor
let blines = getline(line('.')-1, line("$"))
let txt = strpart(getline("."), col('.')-1)
for str in blines
let txt = txt . str . "\n"
endfor
endif
let oL = len(split(line, a:char, 1))-1
let cL = len(split(line, PAIRs[a:char], 1))-1
let ol = len(split(txt, a:char, 1))-1
let cl = len(split(txt, PAIRs[a:char], 1))-1
if oL>=cL || (oL<cL && ol>=cl)
return a:char . PAIRs[a:char] . "\<Left>"
else
return a:char
endif
endfunction
function! ClosePair(char)
if getline('.')[col('.')-1] == a:char
return "\<Right>"
else
return a:char
endif
endf
inoremap ' <c-r>=CompleteQuote("'")<CR>
inoremap " <c-r>=CompleteQuote('"')<CR>
function! CompleteQuote(quote)
let ql = len(split(getline('.'), a:quote, 1))-1
let slen = len(split(strpart(getline("."), 0, col(".")-1), a:quote, 1))-1
let elen = len(split(strpart(getline("."), col(".")-1), a:quote, 1))-1
let isBefreQuote = getline('.')[col('.') - 1] == a:quote
if isBefreQuote
return "\<Right>"
elseif '"'==a:quote && "vim"==&ft && 0==match(strpart(getline('.'), 0, col('.')-1), "^[\t ]*$")
" for vim comment.
return a:quote
elseif "'"==a:quote && 0==match(getline('.')[col('.')-2], "[a-zA-Z0-9]")
" for Name's Blog.
return a:quote
elseif (ql%2)==1
" a:quote length is odd.
return a:quote
elseif ((slen%2)==1 && (elen%2)==1 && !isBefreQuote) || ((slen%2)==0 && (elen%2)==0)
return a:quote . a:quote . "\<Left>"
else
return a:quote . a:quote . "\<Left>"
endif
endfunction4. vim插件的安装和管理
Vundle可以实现对vim插件的安装和管理，所以我们摒弃传统安装插件的方法，先安装Vundle，让它来系统的安装和管理vim插件
4.1 Vundle的安装
sudo git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git /usr/share/vim/bundle/Vundle.vim读者如果仅仅想对当前用户进行配置，执行下面的命令
git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim执行完成以后需要对Vundle进行配置，配置代码附加到”/usr/share/vim/vimrc”的最前面（当前用户附加到”~/.vimrc”最前面）
"=============================== Vundle ====================================
set nocompatible " be iMproved, required
filetype off " required
" set the runtime path to include Vundle and initialize
set rtp+=/usr/share/vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()
" let Vundle manage Vundle, required
Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim'
">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 插件安装在下面 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
"Plugin 'Plugin name'
" All of your Plugins must be added before the following line
call vundle#end() " required
filetype plugin indent on " required
"============================== vundle end ===================================Vundle安装的插件都是github上面托管的插件，如果一个vim插件的github路径是github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim，安装命令就是：Plugin ‘VundleVim/Vundle.vim’ 。更多的优秀的vim插件，读者可以在vimawesome.com上进行搜索。
下面是读者安装的Vundle插件
"=============================== Vundle ====================================
set nocompatible " be iMproved, required
filetype off " required
" set the runtime path to include Vundle and initialize
set rtp+=/usr/share/vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()
" let Vundle manage Vundle, required
Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim'
">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> git 支持状态栏显示分支信息 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Plugin 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 状态栏 lightline <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Plugin 'itchyny/lightline.vim'
let g:lightline = {
\ 'colorscheme': 'wombat',
\ 'active': {
\ 'left': [ [ 'mode', 'paste' ],
\ [ 'fugitive', 'readonly', 'filename', 'modified' ] ]
\ },
\ 'component': {
\ 'readonly': '%{&filetype=="help"?"":&readonly?"!":""}',
\ 'modified': '%{&filetype=="help"?"":&modified?"+":&modifiable?"":"-"}',
\ 'fugitive': '%{exists("*fugitive#head")?"Ϡ".fugitive#head():""}'
\ },
\ 'component_visible_condition': {
\ 'readonly': '(&filetype!="help"&& &readonly)',
\ 'modified': '(&filetype!="help"&&(&modified||!&modifiable))',
\ 'fugitive': '(exists("*fugitive#head") && ""!=fugitive#head())'
\ },
\ }
">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 文档结构 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdtree'
let NERDTreeWinPos='left'
let NERDTreeWinSize=30
map <F2> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
nnoremap <leader>nt :NERDTreeFind<CR>
">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 代码结构 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Plugin 'majutsushi/tagbar'
"nmap <Leader>tb :TagbarToggle<CR> "快捷键设置
nnoremap <leader>tb :TagbarOpen fj<CR>
nnoremap <leader>tf :TagbarSetFoldlevel 0<CR>
nnoremap <leader>tu :TagbarSetFoldlevel 99<CR>
let g:tagbar_foldlevel = 0
let g:tagbar_ctags_bin='ctags' "ctags程序的路径
let g:tagbar_width=30 "窗口宽度的设置
map <F3> :Tagbar<CR>
"autocmd BufReadPost *.cpp,*.c,*.h,*.hpp,*.cc,*.cxx call tagbar#autoopen()
"如果是c语言的程序的话，tagbar自动开启
">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> cscope <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Plugin 'brookhong/cscope.vim'
nnoremap <leader>l :call ToggleLocationList()<CR>
" s: Find this C symbol
nnoremap <leader>fs :call CscopeFind('s', expand('<cword>'))<CR>
" g: Find this definition
nnoremap <leader>fd :call CscopeFind('g', expand('<cword>'))<CR>
" d: Find functions called by this function
nnoremap <leader>ff :call CscopeFind('d', expand('<cword>'))<CR>
" c: Find functions calling this function
nnoremap <leader>fc :call CscopeFind('c', expand('<cword>'))<CR>
" t: Find this text string
nnoremap <leader>ft :call CscopeFind('t', expand('<cword>'))<CR>
" e: Find this egrep pattern
nnoremap <leader>fe :call CscopeFind('e', expand('<cword>'))<CR>
" f: Find this file
nnoremap <leader>fl :call CscopeFind('f', expand('<cword>'))<CR>
" i: Find files #including this file
nnoremap <leader>fi :call CscopeFind('i', expand('<cword>'))<CR>
" All of your Plugins must be added before the following line
call vundle#end() " required
filetype plugin indent on " required
"============================== vundle end ===================================4.2 使用Vundle进行安装
Vundle安装和配置好以后，输入”:PluginInstall”进行安装vim插件。Vundle的其它命令读者可以在Vundle的github项目上找到。
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