centos7安装与配置MariaDB

1、安装MariaDB

通过yum安装mariadb-server，默认依赖安装mariadb，一个是服务端、一个是客户端。

[root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb-server

2、配置MariaDB

1、把MariaDB服务开启，并设置为开机启动

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb  # 开启服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mariadb  # 设置为开机自启动服务

2、进行MariaDB数据库的配置

[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation

Enter current password for root (enter for none):  # 输入数据库超级管理员root的密码(注意不是系统root的密码)，第一次进入还没有设置密码则直接回车

Set root password? [Y/n]  # 设置密码，y

New password:  # 新密码
Re-enter new password:  # 再次输入密码

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]  # 移除匿名用户， y

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]  # 拒绝root远程登录，n，不管y/n，都会拒绝root远程登录

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]  # 删除test数据库，y：删除。n：不删除，选择y

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]  # 重新加载权限表，选择y

3、登录测试

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

3、设置MariaDB字符集为utf-8

1、通过vim /etc/my.cnf 编辑配置文件，在 [mysqld] 标签下添加

init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake

2、vim /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf，在 [client] 标签下添加

default-character-set=utf8

3、vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf，在 [mysql] 标签下添加

default-character-set=utf8

4、重启服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

5、再次登录数据库后查看字符集

MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>

4、远程链接MariaDB数据库

mariadb默认是拒绝 root 远程登录的。这里用的是 navicat 软件连接数据库
1、开放防火墙端口

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp  # 查看3306端口是否开启
no
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent  # 开启3306端口
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload  # 重启防火墙
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp  # 查看3306端口是否开启
yes

2、查看mysql数据库中的user表

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p  # 先通过本地链接进入数据库

MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;

MariaDB [mysql]> select host, user from user;
+-----------------------+------+
| host                  | user |
+-----------------------+------+
| 127.0.0.1             | root |
| ::1                   | root |
| localhost             | root |
| localhost.localdomain | root |
+-----------------------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3、将与主机名相等的字段改为 “%” ，我的主机名为localhost

MariaDB [mysql]> update user set host='%' where host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [mysql]> select host, user from user;
+-----------------------+------+
| host                  | user |
+-----------------------+------+
| %                     | root |
| 127.0.0.1             | root |
| ::1                   | root |
| localhost.localdomain | root |
+-----------------------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4、重启mariadb服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

5、远程连接MariaDB