Codeforces D. Non-zero Segments

Kolya got an integer array a1,a2,…,an. The array can contain both positive and negative integers, but Kolya doesn’t like 0, so the array doesn’t contain any zeros.

Kolya doesn’t like that the sum of some subsegments of his array can be 0. The subsegment is some consecutive segment of elements of the array.

You have to help Kolya and change his array in such a way that it doesn’t contain any subsegments with the sum 0. To reach this goal, you can insert any integers between any pair of adjacent elements of the array (integers can be really any: positive, negative, 0, any by absolute value, even such a huge that they can’t be represented in most standard programming languages).

Your task is to find the minimum number of integers you have to insert into Kolya’s array in such a way that the resulting array doesn’t contain any subsegments with the sum 0.

Input
The first line of the input contains one integer n (2≤n≤200000) — the number of elements in Kolya’s array.

The second line of the input contains n integers a1,a2,…,an (−109≤ai≤109,ai≠0) — the description of Kolya’s array.

Output
Print the minimum number of integers you have to insert into Kolya’s array in such a way that the resulting array doesn’t contain any subsegments with the sum 0.

Examples
input
4
1 -5 3 2
output
1
input
5
4 -2 3 -9 2
output
0
input
9
-1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
output
6
input
8
16 -5 -11 -15 10 5 4 -4
output
3
Note
Consider the first example. There is only one subsegment with the sum 0. It starts in the second element and ends in the fourth element. It’s enough to insert one element so the array doesn’t contain any subsegments with the sum equal to zero. For example, it is possible to insert the integer 1 between second and third elements of the array.

There are no subsegments having sum 0 in the second example so you don’t need to do anything.

题意： 给你一个数组 a，现在你不想使得数组中的任意子序列和为 0，你可以在任意相邻对中添加任意大小的数使得达成目的。那么你需要进行的最小添加次数使得要求成立。

题解见代码注释：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define ll long long
using namespace std;
int n; 
ll t;
int main()
{
	cin>>n;
	map<ll,int> m; //用一个map来存储前面出现过的和 
	m[0]=1;
	ll sum=0,ans=0;
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
	{
		cin>>t;
		sum+=t;
		if(m[sum]==1) //如果sum已经出现过，又出现一次，说明出现了相加为0的情况 比如 16 -5 5 ，连续的两次16，必定是由中间数为0造成的 
		{			  //或者是当前sum的和为0了，比如 16 -8 -8  相加为0  
			ans++;	  //当出现上述两种情况之一时，说明之前的区间就需要插数 
			m.clear();  
			m[0]=1; //前面的就不用管了，因此重置map，相当于起点变为从当前的t开始，然后再判断后面的数 
			sum=t; 
		}
		m[sum]=1; //出现过的sum标记为1 
	}
	cout<<ans<<endl;
}