C++ linux :错误:‘move’不是‘std’的成员该怎么解决呢?
使用高版本的gcc就可以了。
source /opt/rh/devtoolset-8/enable
gcc -lstdc++ -o test test.cpp //如果没有写makefile,一定要连接stdc++,不然还是编译不过的。
push_back和emplace_back哪个效率更高?
最近学习一下C++新特性,std::move 一直不理解,所以写了一个函数来测试。
#pragma pack(4)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <utility>
#include <memory>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
class Person
{
public:
Person(int _age,const char* _name):age(_age),name(NULL)
{
std::cout<<"Person() construct" << std::endl;
name = new char( sizeof(_name));
if(name != NULL)
{
memcpy(name,_name,sizeof(_name));
}
}
~Person()
{
if(name != NULL)
{
delete[] name;
name = NULL;
}
}
Person(const Person& rhs)
{
std::cout<<"Person() copy construct" << std::endl;
age = rhs.age;
name = new char( sizeof(rhs.name));
if(name != NULL)
{
memcpy(name,rhs.name,sizeof(rhs.name));
}
}
Person( Person&& rhs)
{
std::cout<<"Person() move construct" << std::endl;
age = rhs.age;
name = rhs.name;
}
void printMe()
{
if(name == NULL)
{
cout <<" this name is null." << endl;
}
else
{
cout <<" age = " << age << " name = " << name << endl;
}
}
private:
int age;
char *name;
};
void test02()
{
cout << "__cpplus = " << __cplusplus << endl;
Person p1(18, "123");
Person p2(58, "890");
Person p3(68, "1000");
Person p4(78, "1001");
std::vector<Person> vp;
std::cout << "\n call push_back move \n";
vp.push_back(std::move(p1));
p1.printMe();
std::cout << "\n call emplace_back move \n";
vp.emplace_back(std::move(p2));
p2.printMe();
std::cout << "\n call emplace_back \n";
vp.emplace_back(p3);
p3.printMe();
std::cout << "\n call push_back :\n ";
vp.push_back(p4);
p4.printMe() ;
std::cout << "\n call emplace_back :\n ";
vp.emplace_back(99,"testemplace");
std::cout << "\n just test move :\n ";
Person p5(std::move(p4)); //p3不能用了
p4.printMe();
p5.printMe();
}
int main()
{
test02();
return 0;
}
运行结果:
__cpplus = 201402
Person() construct
Person() construct
Person() construct
Person() construct
call push_back move
Person() move construct
age = 18 name = 123
call emplace_back move
Person() move construct
Person() copy construct
age = 58 name = 890
call emplace_back
Person() copy construct
Person() copy construct
Person() copy construct
age = 68 name = 1000
call push_back :
Person() copy construct
age = 78 name = 1001
call emplace_back :
Person() construct
Person() copy construct
Person() copy construct
Person() copy construct
Person() copy construct
just test move :
Person() move construct
age = 78 name = 1001
age = 78 name = 1001
这个好迷惑,这么看push_back的效率更高一些呢。为什么?大侠们请赐教。
用的是最新版本的gcc,__cpplus = 201402 我的代码库里面的push_back和emplace_back的实现如下:按这个实现如果C++版本比较高的化,至少两个效率应该是一样的呢。
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
template<typename _Up = _Tp>
typename __gnu_cxx::__enable_if<!std::__are_same<_Up, bool>::__value,
void>::__type
push_back(_Tp&& __x)
{ emplace_back(std::move(__x)); } //像是全部调用的这个。
template<typename... _Args>
void
emplace_back(_Args&&... __args)
{
bool __realloc = _M_requires_reallocation(this->size() + 1);
_Base::emplace_back(std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
if (__realloc)
this->_M_invalidate_all();
_M_update_guaranteed_capacity();
}
#endif
终于找到原因了。原因是vector是变长的,如果只定义不给长度,那么可能他的长度可能是最小值,每插入一个,长度就增加一倍,这样每次就看到调用了好几次拷贝,然后开始怀疑自己。所以如果时C++14 以后的版本,一定要在初始化的时候给个初始长度。或者用 reserve(10);设置一下长度。用空间换时间。然后我增加了一行,
然后输出就变了。这么看push_back和emplace_back效率就一样了。
__cpplus = 201402
Person() construct
Person() construct
Person() construct
Person() construct
call push_back move
Person() move construct
age = 18 name = 123
call emplace_back move
Person() move construct
age = 58 name = 890
call emplace_back
Person() copy construct
age = 68 name = 1000
call push_back :
Person() copy construct
age = 78 name = 1001
call emplace_back :
Person() construct
just test move :
Person() move construct
age = 78 name = 1001
age = 78 name = 1001