protocol buffer之linux编译

编译前配置

        安装依赖库：automake ，autoconf ，libtool。
        解压源码，例如：protobuf-3.11.4.zip到目录/home/workspace/protobuf-3.11.4，通过终端进入，输入命令：

./autogen.sh

        生成configure文件。
        在父目录创建构建目录，例如：/home/workspace/protobuf-build，通过终端进入构建目录，输入命令：

./../protobuf-3.11.4/configure --prefix=/opt/protobuf-3.11.4-linux

编译源码

        配置成功后，输入命令：make，成功后，输入命令：make install，即可把protobuf库安装到目录：/opt/protobuf-3.11.4-linux。

配置环境变量

        vi /etc/profile打开文件，在末尾添加：

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/opt/protobuf-3.11.4-linux/lib/pkgconfig

        保存返回，在终端输入命令：sudo ldconfig 。
        注意：如果失败则在/etc/ld.so.conf文件中加入/opt/protobuf-3.11.4-linux/lib，然后执行sudo ldconfig。

使用示例

        创建协议文件addressbook.proto，协议定义如下：

syntax = "proto3";

package tutorial;

message Person {
    string name = 1;
    int32 id = 2;
    string email = 3;

    enum PhoneType {
        MOBILE = 0;
        HOME = 1;
        WORK = 2;
    }

    message PhoneNumber {
        string number = 1;
        PhoneType type = 2;
    }

    repeated PhoneNumber phones = 4;
}

message AddressBook {
    repeated Person people = 1;
}

        在终端输入命令： /opt/protobuf-3.11.4-linux/bin/protoc --cpp_out=. addressbook.proto生成C++源码文件：addressbook.pb.h和addressbook.pb.cc。
        创建示例文件main.cpp，内容如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include "addressbook.pb.h"
using namespace std;

// 填充个人信息, 需要用户输入信息
void PromptForAddress(tutorial::Person* person) {
    cout << "Enter person ID number: ";
    int id;
    cin >> id;
    person->set_id(id);
    cin.ignore(256, '\n');

    cout << "Enter name: ";
    getline(cin, *person->mutable_name());

    cout << "Enter email address (blank for none): ";
    string email;
    getline(cin, email);
    if (!email.empty()) {
        person->set_email(email);
    }

    while (true) {
        cout << "Enter a phone number (or leave blank to finish): ";
        string number;
        getline(cin, number);
        if (number.empty()) {
            break;
        }

        tutorial::Person::PhoneNumber* phone_number = person->add_phones();
        phone_number->set_number(number);

        cout << "Is this a mobile, home, or work phone? ";
        string type;
        getline(cin, type);
        if (type == "mobile") {
            phone_number->set_type(tutorial::Person::MOBILE);
        } else if (type == "home") {
            phone_number->set_type(tutorial::Person::HOME);
        } else if (type == "work") {
            phone_number->set_type(tutorial::Person::WORK);
        } else {
            cout << "Unknown phone type.  Using default." << endl;
        }
    }
}

// 从 AddressBook 中迭代打印个人信息
void ListPeople(const tutorial::AddressBook& address_book) {
    for (int i = 0; i < address_book.people_size(); i++) {
        const tutorial::Person& person = address_book.people(i);

        cout << "Person ID: " << person.id() << endl;
        cout << "   Name: " << person.name() << endl;
        cout << "   E-mail address: " << person.email() << endl;

        for (int j = 0; j < person.phones_size(); j++) {
            const tutorial::Person::PhoneNumber& phone_number = person.phones(j);

            switch (phone_number.type()) {
            case tutorial::Person::MOBILE:
                cout << "   Mobile phone #: ";
                break;
            case tutorial::Person::HOME:
                cout << "   Home phone #: ";
                break;
            case tutorial::Person::WORK:
                cout << "   Work phone #: ";
                break;
            }
            cout << phone_number.number() << endl;
        }
    }
}

// 主函数
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    // Verify that the version of the library that we linked against is
    // compatible with the version of the headers we compiled against.
    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;

    if (argc != 3) {
        cerr << "Usage:  " << argv[0] << " [0,1](0.read,1.write)" << " ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE" << endl;
        return -1;
    }

    tutorial::AddressBook address_book;

if (0 == strcmp("0", argv[1])) {
    /* 读示例 */
    {
        // 读取已存在的通讯录文件
        fstream input(argv[2], ios::in | ios::binary);
        if (!address_book.ParseFromIstream(&input)) {
            cerr << "Failed to parse address book." << endl;
            return -1;
        }
    }

    ListPeople(address_book); 
} else {
    /* 写示例 */
    {
        // 读取已存在的通讯录文件
        fstream input(argv[2], ios::in | ios::binary);
        if (!input) {
            cout << argv[2] << ": File not found.  Creating a new file." << endl;
        } else if (!address_book.ParseFromIstream(&input)) {
            cerr << "Failed to parse address book." << endl;
            return -1;
        }
    }

    // 添加通讯信息
    PromptForAddress(address_book.add_people());

    {
        // 保存新添加的通讯信息到本地
        fstream output(argv[2], ios::out | ios::trunc | ios::binary);
        if (!address_book.SerializeToOstream(&output)) {
            cerr << "Failed to write address book." << endl;
            return -1;
        }
    }
}

    // Optional:  删除由 libprotobuf 所分配的全局对象
    google::protobuf::ShutdownProtobufLibrary();

    return 0;
}

错误问题

        编译时，需要添加-std=c++11选项，否则会报各种模板编译不通过。
        编译成功后，运行时可能出现以下错误：

[libprotobuf FATAL .././../protobuf-3.11.4/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.cc:812] CHECK failed: (scc->visit_status.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) == (SCCInfoBase::kRunning): 
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'google::protobuf::FatalException'
  what():  CHECK failed: (scc->visit_status.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) == (SCCInfoBase::kRunning): 
已放弃 (核心已转储)

        这是因为protobuf里面用到了多线程，需要加上-lpthread选项，且链接时必须放在protobuf库的后面，例如：
g++ main.cpp addressbook.pb.cc -I/opt/protobuf-3.11.4-linux/include -o test /opt/protobuf-3.11.4-linux/lib/libprotobuf.a -lpthread -std=c++11