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H.264源代码分析文章列表:
【编码 - x264】
x264源代码简单分析:x264命令行工具(x264.exe)
x264源代码简单分析:x264_slice_write()
x264源代码简单分析:宏块分析(Analysis)部分-帧内宏块(Intra)
x264源代码简单分析:宏块分析(Analysis)部分-帧间宏块(Inter)
x264源代码简单分析:熵编码(Entropy Encoding)部分
【解码 - libavcodec H.264 解码器】
FFmpeg的H.264解码器源代码简单分析:解析器(Parser)部分
FFmpeg的H.264解码器源代码简单分析:解码器主干部分
FFmpeg的H.264解码器源代码简单分析:熵解码(EntropyDecoding)部分
FFmpeg的H.264解码器源代码简单分析:宏块解码(Decode)部分-帧内宏块(Intra)
FFmpeg的H.264解码器源代码简单分析:宏块解码(Decode)部分-帧间宏块(Inter)
FFmpeg的H.264解码器源代码简单分析:环路滤波(Loop Filter)部分
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本文分析x264编码器主干部分的源代码。“主干部分”指的就是libx264中最核心的接口函数——x264_encoder_encode(),以及相关的几个接口函数x264_encoder_open(),x264_encoder_headers(),和x264_encoder_close()。这一部分源代码比较复杂,现在看了半天依然感觉很多地方不太清晰,暂且把已经理解的地方整理出来,以后再慢慢补充还不太清晰的地方。由于主干部分内容比较多,因此打算分成两篇文章来记录:第一篇文章记录x264_encoder_open(),x264_encoder_headers(),和x264_encoder_close()这三个函数,第二篇文章记录x264_encoder_encode()函数。
函数调用关系图
X264编码器主干部分的源代码在整个x264中的位置如下图所示。X264编码器主干部分的函数调用关系如下图所示。
从图中可以看出,x264主干部分最复杂的函数就是x264_encoder_encode(),该函数完成了编码一帧YUV为H.264码流的工作。与之配合的还有打开编码器的函数x264_encoder_open(),关闭编码器的函数x264_encoder_close(),以及输出SPS/PPS/SEI这样的头信息的x264_encoder_headers()。
x264_encoder_open()用于打开编码器,其中初始化了libx264编码所需要的各种变量。它调用了下面的函数:x264_validate_parameters():检查输入参数(例如输入图像的宽高是否为正数)。x264_predict_16x16_init():初始化Intra16x16帧内预测汇编函数。x264_predict_4x4_init():初始化Intra4x4帧内预测汇编函数。x264_pixel_init():初始化像素值计算相关的汇编函数(包括SAD、SATD、SSD等)。x264_dct_init():初始化DCT变换和DCT反变换相关的汇编函数。x264_mc_init():初始化运动补偿相关的汇编函数。x264_quant_init():初始化量化和反量化相关的汇编函数。x264_deblock_init():初始化去块效应滤波器相关的汇编函数。x264_lookahead_init():初始化Lookahead相关的变量。x264_ratecontrol_new():初始化码率控制相关的变量。
x264_encoder_headers()输出SPS/PPS/SEI这些H.264码流的头信息。它调用了下面的函数:x264_sps_write():输出SPSx264_pps_write():输出PPSx264_sei_version_write():输出SEI
x264_encoder_encode()编码一帧YUV为H.264码流。它调用了下面的函数:
x264_frame_pop_unused():获取1个x264_frame_t类型结构体fenc。如果frames.unused[]队列不为空,就调用x264_frame_pop()从unused[]队列取1个现成的;否则就调用x264_frame_new()创建一个新的。x264_frame_copy_picture():将输入的图像数据拷贝至fenc。x264_lookahead_put_frame():将fenc放入lookahead.next.list[]队列,等待确定帧类型。x264_lookahead_get_frames():通过lookahead分析帧类型。该函数调用了x264_slicetype_decide(),x264_slicetype_analyse()和x264_slicetype_frame_cost()等函数。经过一些列分析之后,最终确定了帧类型信息,并且将帧放入frames.current[]队列。x264_frame_shift():从frames.current[]队列取出1帧用于编码。x264_reference_update():更新参考帧列表。x264_reference_reset():如果为IDR帧,调用该函数清空参考帧列表。x264_reference_hierarchy_reset():如果是I(非IDR帧)、P帧、B帧(可做为参考帧),调用该函数。x264_reference_build_list():创建参考帧列表list0和list1。x264_ratecontrol_start():开启码率控制。x264_slice_init():创建 Slice Header。x264_slices_write():编码数据(最关键的步骤)。其中调用了x264_slice_write()完成了编码的工作(注意“x264_slices_write()”和“x264_slice_write()”名字差了一个“s”)。x264_encoder_frame_end():编码结束后做一些后续处理,例如记录一些统计信息。其中调用了x264_frame_push_unused()将fenc重新放回frames.unused[]队列,并且调用x264_ratecontrol_end()关闭码率控制。
x264_encoder_close()用于关闭解码器,同时输出一些统计信息。它调用了下面的函数:
x264_lookahead_delete():释放Lookahead相关的变量。x264_ratecontrol_summary():汇总码率控制信息。x264_ratecontrol_delete():关闭码率控制。
本文将会记录x264_encoder_open(),x264_encoder_headers(),和x264_encoder_close()这三个函数的源代码。下一篇文章记录x264_encoder_encode()函数。
x264_encoder_open()
x264_encoder_open()是一个libx264的API。该函数用于打开编码器,其中初始化了libx264编码所需要的各种变量。该函数的声明如下所示。
/* x264_encoder_open: * create a new encoder handler, all parameters from x264_param_t are copied */x264_t *x264_encoder_open( x264_param_t * );
x264_encoder_open()的定义位于encoder\encoder.c,如下所示。
/**************************************************************************** * x264_encoder_open:* 注释和处理:雷霄骅* http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020* leixiaohua1020@126.com ****************************************************************************///打开编码器x264_t *x264_encoder_open( x264_param_t *param ){ x264_t *h; char buf[1000], *p; int qp, i_slicetype_length; CHECKED_MALLOCZERO( h, sizeof(x264_t) ); /* Create a copy of param */ //将参数拷贝进来 memcpy( &h->param, param, sizeof(x264_param_t) ); if( param->param_free ) param->param_free( param ); if( x264_threading_init() ) { x264_log( h, X264_LOG_ERROR, "unable to initialize threading\n" ); goto fail; } //检查输入参数 if( x264_validate_parameters( h, 1 ) < 0 ) goto fail; if( h->param.psz_cqm_file ) if( x264_cqm_parse_file( h, h->param.psz_cqm_file ) < 0 ) goto fail; if( h->param.rc.psz_stat_out ) h->param.rc.psz_stat_out = strdup( h->param.rc.psz_stat_out ); if( h->param.rc.psz_stat_in ) h->param.rc.psz_stat_in = strdup( h->param.rc.psz_stat_in ); x264_reduce_fraction( &h->param.i_fps_num, &h->param.i_fps_den ); x264_reduce_fraction( &h->param.i_timebase_num, &h->param.i_timebase_den ); /* Init x264_t */ h->i_frame = -1; h->i_frame_num = 0; if( h->param.i_avcintra_class ) h->i_idr_pic_id = 5; else h->i_idr_pic_id = 0; if( (uint64_t)h->param.i_timebase_den * 2 > UINT32_MAX ) { x264_log( h, X264_LOG_ERROR, "Effective timebase denominator %u exceeds H.264 maximum\n", h->param.i_timebase_den ); goto fail; } x264_set_aspect_ratio( h, &h->param, 1 ); //初始化SPS和PPS x264_sps_init( h->sps, h->param.i_sps_id, &h->param ); x264_pps_init( h->pps, h->param.i_sps_id, &h->param, h->sps ); //检查级Level-通过宏块个数等等 x264_validate_levels( h, 1 ); h->chroma_qp_table = i_chroma_qp_table + 12 + h->pps->i_chroma_qp_index_offset; if( x264_cqm_init( h ) < 0 ) goto fail; //各种赋值 h->mb.i_mb_width = h->sps->i_mb_width; h->mb.i_mb_height = h->sps->i_mb_height; h->mb.i_mb_count = h->mb.i_mb_width * h->mb.i_mb_height; h->mb.chroma_h_shift = CHROMA_FORMAT == CHROMA_420 || CHROMA_FORMAT == CHROMA_422; h->mb.chroma_v_shift = CHROMA_FORMAT == CHROMA_420; /* Adaptive MBAFF and subme 0 are not supported as we require halving motion * vectors during prediction, resulting in hpel mvs. * The chosen solution is to make MBAFF non-adaptive in this case. */ h->mb.b_adaptive_mbaff = PARAM_INTERLACED && h->param.analyse.i_subpel_refine; /* Init frames. */ if( h->param.i_bframe_adaptive == X264_B_ADAPT_TRELLIS && !h->param.rc.b_stat_read ) h->frames.i_delay = X264_MAX(h->param.i_bframe,3)*4; else h->frames.i_delay = h->param.i_bframe; if( h->param.rc.b_mb_tree || h->param.rc.i_vbv_buffer_size ) h->frames.i_delay = X264_MAX( h->frames.i_delay, h->param.rc.i_lookahead ); i_slicetype_length = h->frames.i_delay; h->frames.i_delay += h->i_thread_frames - 1; h->frames.i_delay += h->param.i_sync_lookahead; h->frames.i_delay += h->param.b_vfr_input; h->frames.i_bframe_delay = h->param.i_bframe ? (h->param.i_bframe_pyramid ? 2 : 1) : 0; h->frames.i_max_ref0 = h->param.i_frame_reference; h->frames.i_max_ref1 = X264_MIN( h->sps->vui.i_num_reorder_frames, h->param.i_frame_reference ); h->frames.i_max_dpb = h->sps->vui.i_max_dec_frame_buffering; h->frames.b_have_lowres = !h->param.rc.b_stat_read && ( h->param.rc.i_rc_method == X264_RC_ABR || h->param.rc.i_rc_method == X264_RC_CRF || h->param.i_bframe_adaptive || h->param.i_scenecut_threshold || h->param.rc.b_mb_tree || h->param.analyse.i_weighted_pred ); h->frames.b_have_lowres |= h->param.rc.b_stat_read && h->param.rc.i_vbv_buffer_size > 0; h->frames.b_have_sub8x8_esa = !!(h->param.analyse.inter & X264_ANALYSE_PSUB8x8); h->frames.i_last_idr = h->frames.i_last_keyframe = - h->param.i_keyint_max; h->frames.i_input = 0; h->frames.i_largest_pts = h->frames.i_second_largest_pts = -1; h->frames.i_poc_last_open_gop = -1; //CHECKED_MALLOCZERO(var, size) //调用malloc()分配内存,然后调用memset()置零 CHECKED_MALLOCZERO( h->frames.unused[0], (h->frames.i_delay + 3) * sizeof(x264_frame_t *) ); /* Allocate room for max refs plus a few extra just in case. */ CHECKED_MALLOCZERO( h->frames.unused[1], (h->i_thread_frames + X264_REF_MAX + 4) * sizeof(x264_frame_t *) ); CHECKED_MALLOCZERO( h->frames.current, (h->param.i_sync_lookahead + h->param.i_bframe + h->i_thread_frames + 3) * sizeof(x264_frame_t *) ); if( h->param.analyse.i_weighted_pred > 0 ) CHECKED_MALLOCZERO( h->frames.blank_unused, h->i_thread_frames * 4 * sizeof(x264_frame_t *) ); h->i_ref[0] = h->i_ref[1] = 0; h->i_cpb_delay = h->i_coded_fields = h->i_disp_fields = 0; h->i_prev_duration = ((uint64_t)h->param.i_fps_den * h->sps->vui.i_time_scale) / ((uint64_t)h->param.i_fps_num * h->sps->vui.i_num_units_in_tick); h->i_disp_fields_last_frame = -1; //RDO初始化 x264_rdo_init(); /* init CPU functions */ //初始化包含汇编优化的函数 //帧内预测 x264_predict_16x16_init( h->param.cpu, h->predict_16x16 ); x264_predict_8x8c_init( h->param.cpu, h->predict_8x8c ); x264_predict_8x16c_init( h->param.cpu, h->predict_8x16c ); x264_predict_8x8_init( h->param.cpu, h->predict_8x8, &h->predict_8x8_filter ); x264_predict_4x4_init( h->param.cpu, h->predict_4x4 ); //SAD等和像素计算有关的函数 x264_pixel_init( h->param.cpu, &h->pixf ); //DCT x264_dct_init( h->param.cpu, &h->dctf ); //“之”字扫描 x264_zigzag_init( h->param.cpu, &h->zigzagf_progressive, &h->zigzagf_interlaced ); memcpy( &h->zigzagf, PARAM_INTERLACED ? &h->zigzagf_interlaced : &h->zigzagf_progressive, sizeof(h->zigzagf) ); //运动补偿 x264_mc_init( h->param.cpu, &h->mc, h->param.b_cpu_independent ); //量化 x264_quant_init( h, h->param.cpu, &h->quantf ); //去块效应滤波 x264_deblock_init( h->par