Servlet 表单数据
很多情况下,需要传递一些信息,从浏览器到 Web 服务器,最终到后台程序。浏览器使用两种方法可将这些信息传递到 Web 服务器,分别为 GET 方法和 POST 方法。
GET 方法
GET 方法向页面请求发送已编码的用户信息。页面和已编码的信息中间用 ? 字符分隔,如下所示:
http://www.test.com/hello?key1=value1&key2=value2
GET 方法是默认的从浏览器向 Web 服务器传递信息的方法,它会产生一个很长的字符串,出现在浏览器的地址栏中。
GET 方法有大小限制:请求字符串中最多只能有 1024 个字符。
Servlet 使用 doGet() 方法处理这种类型的请求。
POST 方法
另一个向后台程序传递信息的比较可靠的方法是 POST 方法。POST 方法打包信息的方式与 GET 方法基本相同,但是 POST 方法不是把信息作为 URL 中 ? 字符后的文本字符串进行发送,而是把这些信息作为一个单独的消息。消息以标准输出的形式传到后台程序。Servlet 使用 doPost() 方法处理这种类型的请求。
使用 URL 的 GET 方法实例
import java.io.IOException;
@javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet(name = "GetServlet")
public class GetServlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
String key1 = request.getParameter("key1");
String key2 = request.getParameter("key2");
response.getWriter().println(key1);
response.getWriter().println(key2);
}
}
在web.xml中进行配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>HelloForm</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.xikai.GetServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>HelloForm</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/HelloForm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
现在在浏览器的地址栏中输入 :
http://localhost:8080/get/HelloForm?key1=xiaoming&key2=12
使用表单的 POST 方法实例
import java.io.IOException;
@javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet(name = "GetServlet")
public class GetServlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
}
protected void doGet(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
String key1 = request.getParameter("name");
String key2 = request.getParameter("age");
response.getWriter().println(key1);
response.getWriter().println(key2);
}
}
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="HelloForm" method="POST">
名字:<input type="text" name="name">
<br />
年龄:<input type="text" name="age" />
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
在web.xml中进行配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>HelloForm</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.xikai.GetServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>HelloForm</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/HelloForm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
运行结果:
将复选框数据传递到 Servlet 程序
package com.xikai;
import java.io.IOException;
@javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet(name = "GetServlet")
public class GetServlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
}
protected void doGet(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String key1 = request.getParameter("maths");
String key2 = request.getParameter("physics");
String key3 = request.getParameter("chemistry");
response.getWriter().println("数学:"+key1);
response.getWriter().println("物理:"+key2);
response.getWriter().println("化学:"+key3);
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>HelloForm</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.xikai.GetServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>HelloForm</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/HelloForm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="HelloForm" method="POST">
<input type="checkbox" name="maths" checked="checked" /> 数学
<input type="checkbox" name="physics" /> 物理
<input type="checkbox" name="chemistry" checked="checked" />
化学
<input type="submit" value="选择学科" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
运行结果: