string类的模拟实现

String.h

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<assert.h>
using namespace std;
namespace bit
{
    class String
    {
        friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& _cout, const String& s);
        friend istream& operator>>(istream& _cin, String& s);
    public:
        typedef char* iterator;
        typedef const char* const_iterator;
    public:
        String(const char* str = "")
            :_size(strlen(str))
        {
            _capacity = _size;
            _str = new char[_size + 1];
            strcpy(_str, str);
        }
        String(const String& s)
            :_str(new char[strlen(s._str) + 1])
        {
            strcpy(_str, s._str);
            _size = s._size;
            _capacity = s._capacity;
        }
        传统写法
        //String& operator=(const String& s)
        //{
        //    if (this != &s)
        //    {
        //        delete[] _str;
        //        _str = new char[s._capacity];
        //        strcpy(_str, s._str);
        //        _size = s._size;
        //        _capacity = s._capacity;
        //    }
        //    return *this;
        //}
        //现代写法1(使用拷贝构造函数创建一个临时对象)
        //String& operator=(const String& s)
        //{
        //    if (this != &s)
        //    {
        //        String tmp(s);
        //        std::swap(_str, tmp._str);
        //        _size = tmp._size;
        //        _capacity = tmp._capacity;
        //    }
        //    return *this;
        //}
        现代写法2
        //String& operator=(const String& s)
        //{
        //    if (this != &s)
        //    {
        //        String tmp(s._str);
        //        std::swap(_str, tmp._str);
        //        _size = tmp._size;
        //        _capacity = tmp._capacity;
        //    }
        //    return *this;
        //}
        //现代写法3
        String& operator=(String& s)
        {
            swap(s);
            return *this;
        }
        //~String()
        //{
        //    if (_str)
        //    {
        //        delete[] _str;
        //        _str = nullptr;
        //    }
        //}
        
         iterator
        const_iterator begin() const
        {
            return _str;
        }
        const_iterator end() const
        {
            return _str + _size;
        }
        iterator begin()
        {
            return _str;
        }
        iterator end()
        {
            return _str + _size;
        }
        ///
         modify
        void push_back(char c)
        {
            if (_size == _capacity)
            {
                reserve(_capacity * 2);
            }
            _str[_size++] = c;
            _str[_size] = '\0';
        }
        String& operator+=(char c)
        {
            push_back(c);
            return *this;
        }
        void append(const char* str)
        {
            size_t len = strlen(str);
            if (_size + len > _capacity)
            {
                reserve(_size + len);
            }
            strcpy(_str + _size, str);
            _size += len;
        }
        String& operator+=(const char* str)
        {
            append(str);
            return *this;
        }
        void clear()
        {
            _size = 0;
            _str[_size] = '\0';
        }
        void swap(String& s)
        {
            std::swap(_str, s._str);
            std::swap(_size, s._size);
            std::swap(_capacity, s._capacity);
        }
        const char* c_str()const
        {
            return _str;
        }
        ///

         capacity
        size_t size()const
        {
            return _size;
        }
        size_t capacity()const
        {
            return _capacity;
        }
        bool empty()const
        {
            return _size == 0;
        }
        void resize(size_t n, char c = '\0')
        {
            if (n > _size)
            {
                if (n > _capacity)
                {
                    reserve(n);
                }
                memset(_str + _size, c, n - _size);
            }
            _size = n;
            _str[n] = '\0';
        }
        void reserve(size_t n)
        {
            if (_capacity < n)
            {
                char* tmp = new char[n + 1];
                strcpy(tmp, _str);
                delete[] _str;
                _str = tmp;
                _capacity = n;
            }
        }
        ///
         access
        char& operator[](size_t index)
        {
            assert(index < _size);
            return _str[index];
        }
        const char& operator[](size_t index)const
        {
            assert(index < _size);
            return _str[index];
        }
        ///
        relational operators
        bool operator<(const String& s)
        {
            return strcmp(_str, s._str) < 0;
        }
        bool operator<=(const String& s)
        {
            return (*this < s || *this == s);
        }
        bool operator>(const String& s)
        {
            return strcmp(_str, s._str) > 0;
        }
        bool operator>=(const String& s)
        {
            return (*this > s || *this == s);
        }
        bool operator==(const String& s)
        {
            return strcmp(_str, s._str) == 0;
        }
        bool operator!=(const String& s)
        {
            return !(*this == s);
        }
         返回c在string中第一次出现的位置
        size_t find(char c, size_t pos = 0) const
        {
            assert(pos < _size);
            for (size_t i = pos; i < _size; i++)
            {
                if (_str[i] == c)
                {
                    return i;
                }
            }
            return npos;
        }
         返回子串s在string中第一次出现的位置
        size_t find(const char* s, size_t pos = 0) const
        {
            assert(pos < _size);
            const char* p = strstr(_str + pos, s);
            if (p)
            {
                return p - _str;
            }
            return npos;
        }
         在pos位置上插入字符c/字符串str，并返回该字符的位置
        void insert(size_t pos, char c)
        {
            assert(pos <= _size);
            if (_size == _capacity)
            {
                reserve(_capacity == 0 ? 4 : 2 * _capacity);
            }
            size_t end = _size + 1;
            while (end > pos)
            {
                _str[end] = _str[end - 1];
                end--;
            }
            _str[pos] = c;
            _size++;
        }
        void insert(size_t pos, const char* str)
        {
            size_t len = strlen(str);
            if (_size + len > _capacity)
            {
                reserve(_size + len);
            }
            size_t end = _size + len;
            while (end > pos + len - 1)
            {
                _str[end] = _str[end - len];
                end--;
            }
            strncpy(_str + pos, str, len);
            _size += len;

        }
         删除pos位置上的元素，并返回该元素的下一个位置
        void erase(size_t pos, size_t len = npos)
        {
            assert(pos < _size);
            if (len == npos || len + pos >= _size)
            {
                _str[pos] = '\0';
                _size = pos;
            }
            else
            {
                strcpy(_str + pos, _str + pos + len);
                _size -= len;
            }
        }
    private:
        char* _str;
        size_t _capacity;
        size_t _size;
    public:
        static const int npos;
    };
    ostream& operator<<(ostream& _cout, const String& s)
    {
        for (auto e : s)
        {
            _cout << e;
        }
        return _cout;
    }
    istream& operator>>(istream& _cin, String& s)
    {
        s.clear();
        char ch;
        char buff[127];
        ch = _cin.get();
        size_t i = 0;
        while (ch != '\n' && ch != ' ')
        {
            buff[i++] = ch;
            if (i == 127)
            {
                buff[i] = '\0';
                s += buff;
                i = 0;
            }
            ch = _cin.get();
        }
        if (i > 0)
        {
            buff[i] = '\0';
            s += buff;
        }
        return _cin;
    }
    void swap(String& x, String& y)
    {
        x.swap(y);
    }
    const int bit::String::npos = -1;
    void test_string1()
    {
        cout << "-------------------------------------test_string1-------------------------------------" << endl;
        String s1("hello world");
        String s2;
        cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
        cout << s2.c_str() << endl;

        for (size_t i = 0; i < s1.size(); i++)
        {
            s1[i]++;
        }
        cout << endl;

        for (size_t i = 0; i < s1.size(); i++)
        {
            cout << s1[i] << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;

        const String s3("xxxx");
        for (size_t i = 0; i < s3.size(); i++)
        {
            //s3[i]++;
            cout << s3[i] << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }

    void test_string2()
    {
        cout << "-------------------------------------test_string2-------------------------------------" << endl;
        String s3("hello world");
        for (auto ch : s3)
        {
            cout << ch << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;

        String::iterator it3 = s3.begin();
        while (it3 != s3.end())
        {
            *it3 -= 1;
            cout << *it3 << " ";
            ++it3;
        }
        cout << endl;

        const String s4("xxxx");
        String::const_iterator it4 = s4.begin();
        while (it4 != s4.end())
        {
            //*it4 += 3;
            cout << *it4 << " ";
            ++it4;
        }
        cout << endl;

        for (auto ch : s4)
        {
            cout << ch << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }

    void test_string3()
    {
        cout << "-------------------------------------test_string3-------------------------------------" << endl;
        String s3("hello world");
        s3.push_back('1');
        s3.push_back('2');
        cout << s3.c_str() << endl;
        s3 += 'x';
        s3 += "yyyyyy";
        cout << s3.c_str() << endl;

        String s1("hello world");
        s1.insert(11, 'x');
        cout << s1.c_str() << endl;

        s1.insert(0, 'x');
        cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
    }

    void test_string4()
    {
        cout << "-------------------------------------test_string4-------------------------------------" << endl;
        String s1("hello world");
        cout << s1.c_str() << endl;

        s1.erase(6, 3);
        cout << s1.c_str() << endl;

        s1.erase(6, 30);
        cout << s1.c_str() << endl;

        s1.erase(3);
        cout << s1.c_str() << endl;

        String s2("hello world");
        cout << s2.c_str() << endl;

        s2.resize(5);
        cout << s2.c_str() << endl;

        s2.resize(20, 'x');
        cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
    }

    void test_string5()
    {
        cout << "-------------------------------------test_string5-------------------------------------" << endl;
        String s1("hello world");
        cout << s1.c_str() << endl;

        String s2(s1);
        cout << s2.c_str() << endl;

        s1[0] = 'x';

        cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
        cout << s2.c_str() << endl;

        String s3("xxxxx");
        s1 = s3;

        cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
        cout << s3.c_str() << endl;
    }

    void test_string6()
    {
        cout << "-------------------------------------test_string6-------------------------------------" << endl;
        String s1("hello world");
        cout << s1.c_str() << endl;

        s1.insert(6, "xxx");
        cout << s1.c_str() << endl;

        String s2("xxxxxxx");

        cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
        cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
        swap(s1, s2);
        s1.swap(s2);
        cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
        cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
    }

    void test_string7()
    {
        cout << "-------------------------------------test_string7-------------------------------------" << endl;
        String s1;

        cin >> s1;
        cout << s1.capacity() << endl;
    }
};

test.cpp

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"String.h"
using namespace bit;
int main()
{
    test_string1();
    test_string2();
    test_string3();
    test_string4();
    test_string5();
    test_string6();
    test_string7();
    return 0;
}

测试结果截图