1. Include文件:
(1)、<caffe/common.hpp>:此文件的介绍可以参考:http://blog.csdn.net/fengbingchun/article/details/54955236
(2)、<caffe/proto/caffe.pb.h>:此文件的介绍可以参考:http://blog.csdn.net/fengbingchun/article/details/55267162
(3)、<caffe/syncedmem.hpp>:此文件的介绍可以参考:http://blog.csdn.net/fengbingchun/article/details/56665919
(4)、<caffe/util/math_functinons.hpp>:此文件的介绍可以参考:http://blog.csdn.net/fengbingchun/article/details/56280708
2. 全局常量kMaxBlobAxes:
由const声明的全局常量kMaxBlobAxes表示Blob可以支持的最高维数,目前设置的支持的最高维数为32。
3. 类Blob:
Blob是Caffe中处理和传递实际数据的数据封装包,并且在CPU与GPU之间具有数据同步处理能力。从数学意义上说,blob是按C风格连续存储的N维数组,即在内部所存储的数据是一块连续的内存。
Blob是用来存储图像数据、网络参数(包括权值、偏置以及它们的梯度)、模型参数、学习到的参数、网络传输过程中产生的数据、网络中间的处理结果、优化过程的偏导数等各种数据。
Blob可以动态改变数组的尺寸,当拓展数组导致原有内存空间不足以存放下数据时(count_>capacity_),就会通过Reshape函数实现重新确定空间大小。
Blob数据可以通过Protobuf来做相应的序列化操作,ToProto和FromProto两个函数完成相应的序列化、反序列化(数据解析)操作。
Caffe基于blobs存储和交换数据。网络各层之间的数据都是通过Blob来传递的。为了便于优化,blobs提供统一的内存接口来存储某种类型的数据,例如批量图像数据、模型参数以及用来进行优化的导数。
blobs可根据CPU主机与GPU设备的同步需要,屏蔽CPU/GPU混合运算在计算上的开销。主机和设备上的内存按需分配,以提高内存的使用效率。
对于批量图像数据来说,blob常规的维数为图像数量N*通道数K*图像高度H*图像宽度W。blob按行为主(row-major)进行存储,所以一个4维blob中,坐标为(n,k,h,w)的值的物理位置为((n*K+k)*H+h)*W+w,这也使得最后面/最右边的维度更新最快,其中:
(1)、Number/N是每个批次处理的数据量。批量处理信息有利于提供设备处理和交换的数据的吞吐率。在ImageNet上每个训练批量为256张图像,则N=256;
(2)、Channel/K是特征维度,例如对RGB图像来说,可以理解为通道数量,K=3;如果是网络中间结果,就是feature map的数量;
(3)、H、W:如果是图像数据,可以理解为图像的高度和宽度;如果是参数数据,可以理解为滤波核的高度和宽度。
虽然Caffe的图像应用例子中很多blobs都是4维坐标,但是对于非图像应用任务,blobs也完全可以照常使用。
参数Blob的维度是根据层的类型和配置而变化的。
对于blob中的数据,我们关心的是values(值)和gradients(梯度),所以一个blob单元存储了两块数据------data_和diff_。前者是我们在网络中传送的普通数据,后者是通过网络计算得到的梯度。而且,由于数据既可存储在CPU上,又可存储在GPU上,因而有两种数据访问方式,如在CPU上的data_:静态方式,不改变数值(const Dtype* cpu_data() const;);动态方式,改变数值(Dtype*mutable_cpu_data();)。GPU和diff_的操作与在CPU上的data_类似。
之所以这么设计是因为blob使用了一个SyncedMemory类来同步CPU和GPU上的数据,以隐藏同步的细节和最小化传送数据。一个经验准则是,如果不想改变数据,就一直使用常量调用,而且决不要在自定义类中存储指针。每次操作blob时,调用相应的函数来获取它的指针,因为SyncedMemory需要用这种方式来确定何时需要复制数据。
实际上,使用GPU时,Caffe中CPU代码先从磁盘中加载数据到blob,同时请求分配一个GPU设备核(devicekernel)以使用GPU进行计算,再将计算好的blob数据送入下一层,这样既实现了高效运算,又忽略了底层细节。只要所有layers均有GPU实现,这种情况下所有的中间数据和梯度都会保留在GPU 上。
注:以上关于Blob内容的介绍主要摘自由CaffeCN社区翻译的《Caffe官方教程中译本》。
<caffe/blob.hpp>文件的详细介绍如下:
- #ifndef CAFFE_BLOB_HPP_
- #define CAFFE_BLOB_HPP_
- #include <algorithm>
- #include <string>
- #include <vector>
- #include "caffe/common.hpp"
- #include "caffe/proto/caffe.pb.h"
- #include "caffe/syncedmem.hpp"
- #include "caffe/util/math_functions.hpp"
- // 全局常量,用来表示Blob可以支持的最高维数
- const int kMaxBlobAxes = 32;
- namespace caffe {
- /**
- * @brief A wrapper around SyncedMemory holders serving as the basic
- * computational unit through which Layer%s, Net%s, and Solver%s
- * interact.
- *
- * TODO(dox): more thorough description.
- */
- template <typename Dtype>
- class Blob {
- public:
- // 默认不带参数的构造函数,初始化count_=0,capacity_=0
- Blob() : data_(), diff_(), count_(0), capacity_(0) {}
- /// @brief Deprecated; use <code>Blob(const vector<int>& shape)</code>.
- // 带参数的显示构造函数,推荐使用带vector<int>参数的构造函数
- // 这两个构造函数内部会均会调用Reshape(const vector<int>)函数
- // 注:执行这两个构造函数后,并不会真正分配内存空间,只是用来设置当前blob的shape_、count_和capacity_大小
- explicit Blob(const int num, const int channels, const int height, const int width);
- explicit Blob(const vector<int>& shape);
- /// @brief Deprecated; use <code>Reshape(const vector<int>& shape)</code>.
- // Reshape系列函数通过输入参数用来设置或重新设置当前blob的shape_、count_和capacity_大小
- // 推荐使用带vector<int>参数的Reshape函数
- // 内部会调用SyncedMemory的构造函数,但不会真正分配内存空间
- // 通过num/channes/height/width参数设置shape_、count_和capacity_大小
- void Reshape(const int num, const int channels, const int height, const int width);
- /**
- * @brief Change the dimensions of the blob, allocating new memory if
- * necessary.
- *
- * This function can be called both to create an initial allocation
- * of memory, and to adjust the dimensions of a top blob during Layer::Reshape
- * or Layer::Forward. When changing the size of blob, memory will only be
- * reallocated if sufficient memory does not already exist, and excess memory
- * will never be freed.
- *
- * Note that reshaping an input blob and immediately calling Net::Backward is
- * an error; either Net::Forward or Net::Reshape need to be called to
- * propagate the new input shape to higher layers.
- */
- // 通过vector<int>参数设置shape_、count_和capacity_大小
- void Reshape(const vector<int>& shape);
- // 通过类BlobShape参数设置shape_、count_和capacity_大小
- // BlobShape是定义在caffe.proto中的一个message,其字段有dim
- void Reshape(const BlobShape& shape);
- // 通过外部的blob参数来设置shape_、count_和capacity_大小
- void ReshapeLike(const Blob& other);
- // 以string类型获得当前blob的shape_和count_值
- inline string shape_string() const {
- ostringstream stream;
- for (int i = 0; i < shape_.size(); ++i) {
- stream << shape_[i] << " ";
- }
- stream << "(" << count_ << ")";
- return stream.str();
- }
- // 获得当前Blob的所有维度值
- inline const vector<int>& shape() const { return shape_; }
- /**
- * @brief Returns the dimension of the index-th axis (or the negative index-th
- * axis from the end, if index is negative).
- *
- * @param index the axis index, which may be negative as it will be
- * "canonicalized" using CanonicalAxisIndex.
- * Dies on out of range index.
- */
- // 获得当前Blob指定索引的维度值
- inline int shape(int index) const {
- return shape_[CanonicalAxisIndex(index)];
- }
- // 获得当前Blob的维数
- inline int num_axes() const { return shape_.size(); }
- // 获得当前Blob的元素个数
- inline int count() const { return count_; }
- /**
- * @brief Compute the volume of a slice; i.e., the product of dimensions
- * among a range of axes.
- *
- * @param start_axis The first axis to include in the slice.
- *
- * @param end_axis The first axis to exclude from the slice.
- */
- // 根据指定的start axis和end axis(部分blob)计算blob元素个数
- inline int count(int start_axis, int end_axis) const {
- CHECK_LE(start_axis, end_axis);
- CHECK_GE(start_axis, 0);
- CHECK_GE(end_axis, 0);
- CHECK_LE(start_axis, num_axes());
- CHECK_LE(end_axis, num_axes());
- int count = 1;
- for (int i = start_axis; i < end_axis; ++i) {
- count *= shape(i);
- }
- return count;
- }
- /**
- * @brief Compute the volume of a slice spanning from a particular first
- * axis to the final axis.
- *
- * @param start_axis The first axis to include in the slice.
- */
- // 根据指定的start axis(部分blob)计算blob元素个数
- inline int count(int start_axis) const {
- return count(start_axis, num_axes());
- }
- /**
- * @brief Returns the 'canonical' version of a (usually) user-specified axis,
- * allowing for negative indexing (e.g., -1 for the last axis).
- *
- * @param index the axis index.
- * If 0 <= index < num_axes(), return index.
- * If -num_axes <= index <= -1, return (num_axes() - (-index)),
- * e.g., the last axis index (num_axes() - 1) if index == -1,
- * the second to last if index == -2, etc.
- * Dies on out of range index.
- */
- // Blob的index可以是负值,对参数axis_index进行判断,结果返回一个正的索引值
- // 如果axis_index是负值,则要求axis_index>=-shape_.size(),则返回axis_index+shape_.size()
- // 如果axis_index是正值,则要求axis_index<shape_.size(),则直接返回axis_index
- inline int CanonicalAxisIndex(int axis_index) const {
- CHECK_GE(axis_index, -num_axes())
- << "axis " << axis_index << " out of range for " << num_axes()
- << "-D Blob with shape " << shape_string();
- CHECK_LT(axis_index, num_axes())
- << "axis " << axis_index << " out of range for " << num_axes()
- << "-D Blob with shape " << shape_string();
- if (axis_index < 0) {
- return axis_index + num_axes();
- }
- return axis_index;
- }
- /// @brief Deprecated legacy shape accessor num: use shape(0) instead.
- // 获得当前blob的num,推荐调用shape(0)函数
- inline int num() const { return LegacyShape(0); }
- /// @brief Deprecated legacy shape accessor channels: use shape(1) instead.
- // 获得当前blob的channels,推荐调用shape(1)函数
- inline int channels() const { return LegacyShape(1); }
- /// @brief Deprecated legacy shape accessor height: use shape(2) instead.
- // 获得当前blob的height,推荐调用shape(2)函数
- inline int height() const { return LegacyShape(2); }
- /// @brief Deprecated legacy shape accessor width: use shape(3) instead.
- // 获得当前blob的width,推荐调用shape(3)函数
- inline int width() const { return LegacyShape(3); }
- // 获得当前blob的某一维度值
- inline int LegacyShape(int index) const {
- CHECK_LE(num_axes(), 4)
- << "Cannot use legacy accessors on Blobs with > 4 axes.";
- CHECK_LT(index, 4);
- CHECK_GE(index, -4);
- if (index >= num_axes() || index < -num_axes()) {
- // Axis is out of range, but still in [0, 3] (or [-4, -1] for reverse
- // indexing) -- this special case simulates the one-padding used to fill
- // extraneous axes of legacy blobs.
- return 1;
- }
- return shape(index);
- }
- // 根据num、channels、height、width计算偏移量:((n*K+k)*H+h)*W+w
- inline int offset(const int n, const int c = 0, const int h = 0, const int w = 0) const {
- CHECK_GE(n, 0);
- CHECK_LE(n, num());
- CHECK_GE(channels(), 0);
- CHECK_LE(c, channels());
- CHECK_GE(height(), 0);
- CHECK_LE(h, height());
- CHECK_GE(width(), 0);
- CHECK_LE(w, width());
- return ((n * channels() + c) * height() + h) * width() + w;
- }
- // 根据vector<int> index计算偏移量:((n*K+k)*H+h)*W+w
- inline int offset(const vector<int>& indices) const {
- CHECK_LE(indices.size(), num_axes());
- int offset = 0;
- for (int i = 0; i < num_axes(); ++i) {
- offset *= shape(i);
- if (indices.size() > i) {
- CHECK_GE(indices[i], 0);
- CHECK_LT(indices[i], shape(i));
- offset += indices[i];
- }
- }
- return offset;
- }
- /**
- * @brief Copy from a source Blob.
- *
- * @param source the Blob to copy from
- * @param copy_diff if false, copy the data; if true, copy the diff
- * @param reshape if false, require this Blob to be pre-shaped to the shape
- * of other (and die otherwise); if true, Reshape this Blob to other's
- * shape if necessary
- */
- // 从外部blob拷贝数据到当前的blob
- // 若reshape参数为true,如果两边blob的reshape不相同,则会重新reshape
- // 若copy_diff为false,则拷贝data_数据;若copy_diff为true,则拷贝diff_数据
- void CopyFrom(const Blob<Dtype>& source, bool copy_diff = false, bool reshape = false);
- // 根据给定的位置访问数据
- // 根据指定的偏移量获得前向传播数据data_的一个元素的值
- inline Dtype data_at(const int n, const int c, const int h, const int w) const {
- return cpu_data()[offset(n, c, h, w)];
- }
- // 根据指定的偏移量获得反向传播梯度diff_的一个元素的值
- inline Dtype diff_at(const int n, const int c, const int h, const int w) const {
- return cpu_diff()[offset(n, c, h, w)];
- }
- // 根据指定的偏移量获得前向传播数据data_的一个元素的值
- inline Dtype data_at(const vector<int>& index) const {
- return cpu_data()[offset(index)];
- }
- // 根据指定的偏移量获得反向传播梯度diff_的一个元素的值
- inline Dtype diff_at(const vector<int>& index) const {
- return cpu_diff()[offset(index)];
- }
- // 获得前向传播数据data_的指针
- inline const shared_ptr<SyncedMemory>& data() const {
- CHECK(data_);
- return data_;
- }
- // 获得反向传播梯度diff_的指针
- inline const shared_ptr<SyncedMemory>& diff() const {
- CHECK(diff_);
- return diff_;
- }
- // Blob的数据访问函数,包括CPU和GPU
- // 带mutable_前缀的函数是可以对Blob数据进行改写的;其它不带的是只读的,不允许改写数据
- const Dtype* cpu_data() const; // 调用SyncedMemory::cpu_data()函数
- const Dtype* gpu_data() const; // 调用SyncedMemory::gpu_data()函数
- const Dtype* cpu_diff() const; // 调用SyncedMemory::cpu_data()函数
- const Dtype* gpu_diff() const; // 调用SyncedMemory::gpu_data()函数
- Dtype* mutable_cpu_data(); // 调用SyncedMemory::mutable_cpu_data()函数
- Dtype* mutable_gpu_data(); // 调用SyncedMemory::mutable_gpu_data()函数
- Dtype* mutable_cpu_diff(); // 调用SyncedMemory::mutable_cpu_data()函数
- Dtype* mutable_gpu_diff(); // 调用SyncedMemory::mutable_gpu_data()函数
- void set_cpu_data(Dtype* data); // 调用SyncedMemory::set_cpu_data(void*)函数
- // 它会被网络中存储参数的Blob调用,完成梯度下降过程中的参数更新
- // 调用caffe_axpy函数重新计算data_(weight,bias 等减去对应的导数): data_ = -1 * diff_ + data_
- void Update();
- // Blob的数据持久化函数,通过Protobuf来做相应的序列化/反序列化操作
- // BlobProto是定义在caffe.proto中的一个message,其字段有shape(BlobShape)、data、diff、num、channels、height、width
- // 将BlobProto的shape/data/diff分别copy给当前blob的shape_/data_/diff_完成数据解析(反序列化)
- // 若reshape参数为true,则会对当前的blob重新进行reshape
- void FromProto(const BlobProto& proto, bool reshape = true);
- // 将Blob的shape_/data_/diff_(如果write_diff为true)分别copy给BlobProto的shape/data/diff完成序列化
- void ToProto(BlobProto* proto, bool write_diff = false) const;
- /// @brief Compute the sum of absolute values (L1 norm) of the data.
- // 计算data_的L1范式:向量中各个元素绝对值之和
- Dtype asum_data() const;
- /// @brief Compute the sum of absolute values (L1 norm) of the diff.
- // 计算diff_的L1范式:向量中各个元素绝对值之和
- Dtype asum_diff() const;
- /// @brief Compute the sum of squares (L2 norm squared) of the data.
- // 计算data_的L2范式平方:向量中各元素的平方和
- Dtype sumsq_data() const;
- /// @brief Compute the sum of squares (L2 norm squared) of the diff.
- // // 计算diff_的L2范式平方:向量中各元素的平方和
- Dtype sumsq_diff() const;
- /// @brief Scale the blob data by a constant factor.
- // 将data_数据乘以一个因子:X = alpha*X
- void scale_data(Dtype scale_factor);
- /// @brief Scale the blob diff by a constant factor.
- // 将diff_数据乘以一个因子:X = alpha*X
- void scale_diff(Dtype scale_factor);
- /**
- * @brief Set the data_ shared_ptr to point to the SyncedMemory holding the
- * data_ of Blob other -- useful in Layer%s which simply perform a copy
- * in their Forward pass.
- *
- * This deallocates the SyncedMemory holding this Blob's data_, as
- * shared_ptr calls its destructor when reset with the "=" operator.
- */
- // 将外部指定的blob的data_指针指向给当前blob的data_,以实现共享data_
- void ShareData(const Blob& other);
- /**
- * @brief Set the diff_ shared_ptr to point to the SyncedMemory holding the
- * diff_ of Blob other -- useful in Layer%s which simply perform a copy
- * in their Forward pass.
- *
- * This deallocates the SyncedMemory holding this Blob's diff_, as
- * shared_ptr calls its destructor when reset with the "=" operator.
- */
- // 将外部指定的blob的diff_指针指向给当前blob的diff_,以实现共享diff_
- void ShareDiff(const Blob& other);
- // 比较两个blob的shape是否相同
- // BlobProto是定义在caffe.proto中的一个message,其字段有shape(BlobShape)、data、diff、num、channels、height、width
- bool ShapeEquals(const BlobProto& other);
- protected:
- // Caffe中类的成员变量名都带有后缀"_",这样就容易区分临时变量和类成员变量
- shared_ptr<SyncedMemory> data_; // 存储前向传播的数据
- shared_ptr<SyncedMemory> diff_; // 存储反向传播的导数、梯度、偏差
- vector<int> shape_; // Blob的维度值,通过Reshape函数的shape参数获得相应值,若为4维,则依次为num、channels、height、width
- int count_; // 表示Blob中的元素个数,shape_所有元素的乘积
- int capacity_; // 表示当前Blob的元素个数(控制动态分配),因为Blob可能会reshape
- // 禁止使用Blob类的拷贝和赋值操作
- DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Blob);
- }; // class Blob
- } // namespace caffe
- #endif // CAFFE_BLOB_HPP_
#ifndef CAFFE_BLOB_HPP_
#define CAFFE_BLOB_HPP_
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "caffe/common.hpp"
#include "caffe/proto/caffe.pb.h"
#include "caffe/syncedmem.hpp"
#include "caffe/util/math_functions.hpp"
// 全局常量,用来表示Blob可以支持的最高维数
const int kMaxBlobAxes = 32;
namespace caffe {
/**
* @brief A wrapper around SyncedMemory holders serving as the basic
* computational unit through which Layer%s, Net%s, and Solver%s
* interact.
*
* TODO(dox): more thorough description.
*/
template <typename Dtype>
class Blob {
public:
// 默认不带参数的构造函数,初始化count_=0,capacity_=0
Blob() : data_(), diff_(), count_(0), capacity_(0) {}
/// @brief Deprecated; use <code>Blob(const vector<int>& shape)</code>.
// 带参数的显示构造函数,推荐使用带vector<int>参数的构造函数
// 这两个构造函数内部会均会调用Reshape(const vector<int>)函数
// 注:执行这两个构造函数后,并不会真正分配内存空间,只是用来设置当前blob的shape_、count_和capacity_大小
explicit Blob(const int num, const int channels, const int height, const int width);
explicit Blob(const vector<int>& shape);
/// @brief Deprecated; use <code>Reshape(const vector<int>& shape)</code>.
// Reshape系列函数通过输入参数用来设置或重新设置当前blob的shape_、count_和capacity_大小
// 推荐使用带vector<int>参数的Reshape函数
// 内部会调用SyncedMemory的构造函数,但不会真正分配内存空间
// 通过num/channes/height/width参数设置shape_、count_和capacity_大小
void Reshape(const int num, const int channels, const int height, const int width);
/**
* @brief Change the dimensions of the blob, allocating new memory if
* necessary.
*
* This function can be called both to create an initial allocation
* of memory, and to adjust the dimensions of a top blob during Layer::Reshape
* or Layer::Forward. When changing the size of blob, memory will only be
* reallocated if sufficient memory does not already exist, and excess memory
* will never be freed.
*
* Note that reshaping an input blob and immediately calling Net::Backward is
* an error; either Net::Forward or Net::Reshape need to be called to
* propagate the new input shape to higher layers.
*/
// 通过vector<int>参数设置shape_、count_和capacity_大小
void Reshape(const vector<int>& shape);
// 通过类BlobShape参数设置shape_、count_和capacity_大小
// BlobShape是定义在caffe.proto中的一个message,其字段有dim
void Reshape(const BlobShape& shape);
// 通过外部的blob参数来设置shape_、count_和capacity_大小
void ReshapeLike(const Blob& other);
// 以string类型获得当前blob的shape_和count_值
inline string shape_string() const {
ostringstream stream;
for (int i = 0; i < shape_.size(); ++i) {
stream << shape_[i] << " ";
}
stream << "(" << count_ << ")";
return stream.str();
}
// 获得当前Blob的所有维度值
inline const vector<int>& shape() const { return shape_; }
/**
* @brief Returns the dimension of the index-th axis (or the negative index-th
* axis from the end, if index is negative).
*
* @param index the axis index, which may be negative as it will be
* "canonicalized" using CanonicalAxisIndex.
* Dies on out of range index.
*/
// 获得当前Blob指定索引的维度值
inline int shape(int index) const {
return shape_[CanonicalAxisIndex(index)];
}
// 获得当前Blob的维数
inline int num_axes() const { return shape_.size(); }
// 获得当前Blob的元素个数
inline int count() const { return count_; }
/**
* @brief Compute the volume of a slice; i.e., the product of dimensions
* among a range of axes.
*
* @param start_axis The first axis to include in the slice.
*
* @param end_axis The first axis to exclude from the slice.
*/
// 根据指定的start axis和end axis(部分blob)计算blob元素个数
inline int count(int start_axis, int end_axis) const {
CHECK_LE(start_axis, end_axis);
CHECK_GE(start_axis, 0);
CHECK_GE(end_axis, 0);
CHECK_LE(start_axis, num_axes());
CHECK_LE(end_axis, num_axes());
int count = 1;
for (int i = start_axis; i < end_axis; ++i) {
count *= shape(i);
}
return count;
}
/**
* @brief Compute the volume of a slice spanning from a particular first
* axis to the final axis.
*
* @param start_axis The first axis to include in the slice.
*/
// 根据指定的start axis(部分blob)计算blob元素个数
inline int count(int start_axis) const {
return count(start_axis, num_axes());
}
/**
* @brief Returns the 'canonical' version of a (usually) user-specified axis,
* allowing for negative indexing (e.g., -1 for the last axis).
*
* @param index the axis index.
* If 0 <= index < num_axes(), return index.
* If -num_axes <= index <= -1, return (num_axes() - (-index)),
* e.g., the last axis index (num_axes() - 1) if index == -1,
* the second to last if index == -2, etc.
* Dies on out of range index.
*/
// Blob的index可以是负值,对参数axis_index进行判断,结果返回一个正的索引值
// 如果axis_index是负值,则要求axis_index>=-shape_.size(),则返回axis_index+shape_.size()
// 如果axis_index是正值,则要求axis_index<shape_.size(),则直接返回axis_index
inline int CanonicalAxisIndex(int axis_index) const {
CHECK_GE(axis_index, -num_axes())
<< "axis " << axis_index << " out of range for " << num_axes()
<< "-D Blob with shape " << shape_string();
CHECK_LT(axis_index, num_axes())
<< "axis " << axis_index << " out of range for " << num_axes()
<< "-D Blob with shape " << shape_string();
if (axis_index < 0) {
return axis_index + num_axes();
}
return axis_index;
}
/// @brief Deprecated legacy shape accessor num: use shape(0) instead.
// 获得当前blob的num,推荐调用shape(0)函数
inline int num() const { return LegacyShape(0); }
/// @brief Deprecated legacy shape accessor channels: use shape(1) instead.
// 获得当前blob的channels,推荐调用shape(1)函数
inline int channels() const { return LegacyShape(1); }
/// @brief Deprecated legacy shape accessor height: use shape(2) instead.
// 获得当前blob的height,推荐调用shape(2)函数
inline int height() const { return LegacyShape(2); }
/// @brief Deprecated legacy shape accessor width: use shape(3) instead.
// 获得当前blob的width,推荐调用shape(3)函数
inline int width() const { return LegacyShape(3); }
// 获得当前blob的某一维度值
inline int LegacyShape(int index) const {
CHECK_LE(num_axes(), 4)
<< "Cannot use legacy accessors on Blobs with > 4 axes.";
CHECK_LT(index, 4);
CHECK_GE(index, -4);
if (index >= num_axes() || index < -num_axes()) {
// Axis is out of range, but still in [0, 3] (or [-4, -1] for reverse
// indexing) -- this special case simulates the one-padding used to fill
// extraneous axes of legacy blobs.
return 1;
}
return shape(index);
}
// 根据num、channels、height、width计算偏移量:((n*K+k)*H+h)*W+w
inline int offset(const int n, const int c = 0, const int h = 0, const int w = 0) const {
CHECK_GE(n, 0);
CHECK_LE(n, num());
CHECK_GE(channels(), 0);
CHECK_LE(c, channels());
CHECK_GE(height(), 0);
CHECK_LE(h, height());
CHECK_GE(width(), 0);
CHECK_LE(w, width());
return ((n * channels() + c) * height() + h) * width() + w;
}
// 根据vector<int> index计算偏移量:((n*K+k)*H+h)*W+w
inline int offset(const vector<int>& indices) const {
CHECK_LE(indices.size(), num_axes());
int offset = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < num_axes(); ++i) {
offset *= shape(i);
if (indices.size() > i) {
CHECK_GE(indices[i], 0);
CHECK_LT(indices[i], shape(i));
offset += indices[i];
}
}
return offset;
}
/**
* @brief Copy from a source Blob.
*
* @param source the Blob to copy from
* @param copy_diff if false, copy the data; if true, copy the diff
* @param reshape if false, require this Blob to be pre-shaped to the shape
* of other (and die otherwise); if true, Reshape this Blob to other's
* shape if necessary
*/
// 从外部blob拷贝数据到当前的blob
// 若reshape参数为true,如果两边blob的reshape不相同,则会重新reshape
// 若copy_diff为false,则拷贝data_数据;若copy_diff为true,则拷贝diff_数据
void CopyFrom(const Blob<Dtype>& source, bool copy_diff = false, bool reshape = false);
// 根据给定的位置访问数据
// 根据指定的偏移量获得前向传播数据data_的一个元素的值
inline Dtype data_at(const int n, const int c, const int h, const int w) const {
return cpu_data()[offset(n, c, h, w)];
}
// 根据指定的偏移量获得反向传播梯度diff_的一个元素的值
inline Dtype diff_at(const int n, const int c, const int h, const int w) const {
return cpu_diff()[offset(n, c, h, w)];
}
// 根据指定的偏移量获得前向传播数据data_的一个元素的值
inline Dtype data_at(const vector<int>& index) const {
return cpu_data()[offset(index)];
}
// 根据指定的偏移量获得反向传播梯度diff_的一个元素的值
inline Dtype diff_at(const vector<int>& index) const {
return cpu_diff()[offset(index)];
}
// 获得前向传播数据data_的指针
inline const shared_ptr<SyncedMemory>& data() const {
CHECK(data_);
return data_;
}
// 获得反向传播梯度diff_的指针
inline const shared_ptr<SyncedMemory>& diff() const {
CHECK(diff_);
return diff_;
}
// Blob的数据访问函数,包括CPU和GPU
// 带mutable_前缀的函数是可以对Blob数据进行改写的;其它不带的是只读的,不允许改写数据
const Dtype* cpu_data() const; // 调用SyncedMemory::cpu_data()函数
const Dtype* gpu_data() const; // 调用SyncedMemory::gpu_data()函数
const Dtype* cpu_diff() const; // 调用SyncedMemory::cpu_data()函数
const Dtype* gpu_diff() const; // 调用SyncedMemory::gpu_data()函数
Dtype* mutable_cpu_data(); // 调用SyncedMemory::mutable_cpu_data()函数
Dtype* mutable_gpu_data(); // 调用SyncedMemory::mutable_gpu_data()函数
Dtype* mutable_cpu_diff(); // 调用SyncedMemory::mutable_cpu_data()函数
Dtype* mutable_gpu_diff(); // 调用SyncedMemory::mutable_gpu_data()函数
void set_cpu_data(Dtype* data); // 调用SyncedMemory::set_cpu_data(void*)函数
// 它会被网络中存储参数的Blob调用,完成梯度下降过程中的参数更新
// 调用caffe_axpy函数重新计算data_(weight,bias 等减去对应的导数): data_ = -1 * diff_ + data_
void Update();
// Blob的数据持久化函数,通过Protobuf来做相应的序列化/反序列化操作
// BlobProto是定义在caffe.proto中的一个message,其字段有shape(BlobShape)、data、diff、num、channels、height、width
// 将BlobProto的shape/data/diff分别copy给当前blob的shape_/data_/diff_完成数据解析(反序列化)
// 若reshape参数为true,则会对当前的blob重新进行reshape
void FromProto(const BlobProto& proto, bool reshape = true);
// 将Blob的shape_/data_/diff_(如果write_diff为true)分别copy给BlobProto的shape/data/diff完成序列化
void ToProto(BlobProto* proto, bool write_diff = false) const;
/// @brief Compute the sum of absolute values (L1 norm) of the data.
// 计算data_的L1范式:向量中各个元素绝对值之和
Dtype asum_data() const;
/// @brief Compute the sum of absolute values (L1 norm) of the diff.
// 计算diff_的L1范式:向量中各个元素绝对值之和
Dtype asum_diff() const;
/// @brief Compute the sum of squares (L2 norm squared) of the data.
// 计算data_的L2范式平方:向量中各元素的平方和
Dtype sumsq_data() const;
/// @brief Compute the sum of squares (L2 norm squared) of the diff.
// // 计算diff_的L2范式平方:向量中各元素的平方和
Dtype sumsq_diff() const;
/// @brief Scale the blob data by a constant factor.
// 将data_数据乘以一个因子:X = alpha*X
void scale_data(Dtype scale_factor);
/// @brief Scale the blob diff by a constant factor.
// 将diff_数据乘以一个因子:X = alpha*X
void scale_diff(Dtype scale_factor);
/**
* @brief Set the data_ shared_ptr to point to the SyncedMemory holding the
* data_ of Blob other -- useful in Layer%s which simply perform a copy
* in their Forward pass.
*
* This deallocates the SyncedMemory holding this Blob's data_, as
* shared_ptr calls its destructor when reset with the "=" operator.
*/
// 将外部指定的blob的data_指针指向给当前blob的data_,以实现共享data_
void ShareData(const Blob& other);
/**
* @brief Set the diff_ shared_ptr to point to the SyncedMemory holding the
* diff_ of Blob other -- useful in Layer%s which simply perform a copy
* in their Forward pass.
*
* This deallocates the SyncedMemory holding this Blob's diff_, as
* shared_ptr calls its destructor when reset with the "=" operator.
*/
// 将外部指定的blob的diff_指针指向给当前blob的diff_,以实现共享diff_
void ShareDiff(const Blob& other);
// 比较两个blob的shape是否相同
// BlobProto是定义在caffe.proto中的一个message,其字段有shape(BlobShape)、data、diff、num、channels、height、width
bool ShapeEquals(const BlobProto& other);
protected:
// Caffe中类的成员变量名都带有后缀"_",这样就容易区分临时变量和类成员变量
shared_ptr<SyncedMemory> data_; // 存储前向传播的数据
shared_ptr<SyncedMemory> diff_; // 存储反向传播的导数、梯度、偏差
vector<int> shape_; // Blob的维度值,通过Reshape函数的shape参数获得相应值,若为4维,则依次为num、channels、height、width
int count_; // 表示Blob中的元素个数,shape_所有元素的乘积
int capacity_; // 表示当前Blob的元素个数(控制动态分配),因为Blob可能会reshape
// 禁止使用Blob类的拷贝和赋值操作
DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Blob);
}; // class Blob
} // namespace caffe
#endif // CAFFE_BLOB_HPP_
在caffe.proto文件中,有3个message是与blob有关的,如下:
- // 可选package声明符,用来防止不同的消息类型有命名冲突
- package caffe; // 以下所有生成的信息将会在命名空间caffe内: namespace caffe { ... }
- // 说明:带"deprecated"关键字的信息可以不用看,过时的,后面有可能是被废弃的
- // 以下三个是关于blob的三个类:BlobShape、BlobProto、BlobProtoVector
- // Specifies the shape (dimensions) of a Blob.
- message BlobShape { // 数据块形状(Blob的维度),若为4维,则为num、channel、height、width
- repeated int64 dim = 1 [packed = true]; // blob shape数组
- }
- message BlobProto { // blob属性类
- optional BlobShape shape = 7; // BlobShappe类对象
- repeated float data = 5 [packed = true]; // float类型的data,前向
- repeated float diff = 6 [packed = true]; // float类型的diff,后向
- repeated double double_data = 8 [packed = true]; // double类型的data,前向
- repeated double double_diff = 9 [packed = true]; // double类型的diff,后向
- // 4D dimensions -- deprecated. Use "shape" instead.
- // 已使用BlobShape shape替代
- optional int32 num = 1 [default = 0];
- optional int32 channels = 2 [default = 0];
- optional int32 height = 3 [default = 0];
- optional int32 width = 4 [default = 0];
- }
- // The BlobProtoVector is simply a way to pass multiple blobproto instances
- // around.
- message BlobProtoVector { // 存放多个BlobProto实例
- repeated BlobProto blobs = 1;
- }