用python实现天气预报爬取(全国天气网：北京)

本文在python中用requests和Beautifulsoup爬取天气、温度、风向、空气质量、十五天天气预报等数据,并基于tkinter实现图形用户界面

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests

def main():
    def request(city_class = "change-title",local_time_class = "local-time",temperature_class = "temperature",
                weather_class = "weather-icon-wrap",row_first_class = "row-first",weather_card_class = "weather-columns" ):
       
        def handle(ci,lt,t,w,rf,wi):
            wc = text1.get(1.0,END)#获取15日数据
            ct = lt + t + w + rf + wi + wc#爬取数据汇总
            ct.replace("\n","")
            var_ci.set(ci)
            var_lt.set(lt)#写入当前时间
            var_tr.set(t)#写入当前时间气温
            var_rf.set(rf)#写入当前时间空气
            var_wi.set(wi)#写入当前时间风向
            var_t.set("°")#写入气温°
            var_w.set(w)#写入当前时间天气
            ##当前天气数据处理
           
            with open("content.txt","w+") as f:
                f.write(ct)
                #写入爬取汇总数据
            Button1.configure(text = "刷新")
            #输入爬取15日数据

        ##数据记录模块

        Button1.configure(text = "刷新中")
        root.update()
               
        headers = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0(Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36 QIHU 360EE/13.0.2290.0"} #请求头
        
        Url = Entry1.get()#请求URL
        try:
            hp = requests.get(Url,headers = headers,timeout = None)
            if hp.status_code > 400:
                print("Request Error",hp.status_code)
        except:
            pass
        #响应错误检测

        root.title("天气预报爬取" + "  状态:"+str(hp.reason)+"  网页编码:"+str(hp.apparent_encoding))

        soup = BeautifulSoup(hp.text,"lxml",from_encoding = "utf-8")#创建BeautifulSoup对象

        city = soup.find("strong",class_ = city_class)
        city = city.text.strip() + "\n"
        #爬取查询城市
        local_time = soup.find("div",class_ = local_time_class)
        local_time = local_time.text.strip() + "\n"
        #爬取当前时间
        temperature = soup.find("div",class_ = temperature_class)
        temperature = temperature.text.strip() + "\n"
        #爬取当前时间气温
        weather = soup.find("div",attrs = {"class":weather_class})
        weather = weather.text.strip() + "\n"
        #爬取当前时间天气
        row_first = soup.find("span",class_ = row_first_class)
        row_first = row_first.text.strip() + "\n"
        #爬取当前时间空气
        wind = soup.find_all("span")[10].text
        #爬取当前时间风向
        
        try:
            text1.delete(1.0,END)#尝试清除刷新前15日天气预报内容
        except Exception:
            pass
        weather_card = soup.find_all("ul",class_ = weather_card_class)
        card = [card.text for card in weather_card]#获取15日天气预报列表数据
        for n in range(len(card)):
            text1.insert(END,"".join("".join(card[n]).split())+"\n")#写入15日天气内容
            
        #爬取15日天气预报
      
        handle(city,local_time,temperature,weather,row_first,wind)#调入数据记录模块
        
        ##主模块

    root = Tk()
    root.title("天气预报爬取")
    w = root.winfo_screenwidth()#获取屏幕宽度
    h = root.winfo_screenheight()#获取屏幕高度
    width = 400
    height = 450
    pw = (w - width - 100)/2
    ph = (h - height - 100)/2
    root.geometry("%dx%d+%d+%d"%(width,height,pw,ph))#设置主窗口大小

    Entry1 = ttk.Entry(root,font = ("微软雅黑",9))
    Entry1.insert(END,"https://tianqi.so.com/weather/101010100")#(全国天气网:北京)
    Entry1.configure(state = "readonly")
    Entry1.place(x = 40,y = 28,width = 245,height = 21)
    #天气爬取网站

    Button1 = ttk.Button(root,text = "刷新",command = request)
    Button1.place(x = 289,y = 26,width = 52,height = 25)
    #刷新按钮
    global text1
    text1 = Text(root,bg = "black",fg = "white",font = ("微软雅黑",9),relief = "raised")
    text1.place(x = 35,y = 197,width = 290,height = 220)
    #15日数据显示文本
    Scr = Scrollbar()
    Scr.config(command = text1.yview)
    text1.config(yscrollcommand = Scr.set)
    Scr.place(x = 325,y = 197,height = 220)
    #文本滚动条

    var_ci = StringVar()
    Label0 = Label(root,textvariable = var_ci,font = ("微软雅黑",10),relief = "flat")
    Label0.place(x = 40,y = 65)
    #城市
    var_lt = StringVar()
    Label1 = Label(root,textvariable = var_lt,font = ("微软雅黑",10),relief = "flat")
    Label1.place(x = 80,y = 65)
    #当前时间
    var_tr = StringVar()
    Label2 = Label(root,textvariable = var_tr,font = ("微软雅黑",23),relief = "flat")
    Label2.place(x = 37,y = 97)
    #°
    var_t = StringVar()
    Label3 = Label(root,textvariable = var_t,font = ("微软雅黑",23),relief = "flat")
    Label3.place(x = 79,y = 100)
    #当前气温
    var_w = StringVar()
    Label4 = Label(root,textvariable = var_w,font = ("微软雅黑",23),relief = "flat")
    Label4.place(x = 98,y = 96)
    #当前天气
    var_rf = StringVar()
    Label5 = Label(root,textvariable = var_rf,font = ("微软雅黑",11),relief = "flat")
    Label5.place(x = 40,y = 150)
    #当前空气
    var_wi = StringVar()
    Label6 = Label(root,textvariable = var_wi,font = ("微软雅黑",11),relief = "flat")
    Label6.place(x = 121,y = 150)
    #当前风向
    
    ##当天天气概况设置

    request()
    root.mainloop()
    #gui界面设置

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()