STM32移植FATFS文件系统的一般步骤

STM32移植FATFS文件系统的一般步骤：

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由于存储介质的不同，导致FATFS文件系统底层函数的移植问题显得很复杂，但是还是有一定的章法的，本文参考野火的例程，以SPI_FLASH为例子，来简要的介绍一下FATFS的diskio.c和ffconf.h文件的配置

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ffconf.h文件：

这个文件的配置需要注意点：

1. 141行_VOLUMES选择设备数量，比如同时有SPI_FLASH，SD卡两个逻辑驱动器，那就应该给2
2. _USE_MKFS要使能，这个宏定义决定是否可以使用格式化函数f_mkfs,如果你之前没有格式化，那一定会用到这个函数的
3. 163行_MAX_SS，这个宏定义决定了一个扇区的字节数量

完成以上三步，那SPI_FLASH的ffconf文件就算移植完成了，配置好的文件如下：

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
/  FatFs - FAT file system module configuration file  R0.11a (C)ChaN, 2015
/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define _FFCONF 64180	/* Revision ID */

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
/ Function Configurations
/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define _FS_READONLY	0
/* This option switches read-only configuration. (0:Read/Write or 1:Read-only)
/  Read-only configuration removes writing API functions, f_write(), f_sync(),
/  f_unlink(), f_mkdir(), f_chmod(), f_rename(), f_truncate(), f_getfree()
/  and optional writing functions as well. */


#define _FS_MINIMIZE	0
/* This option defines minimization level to remove some basic API functions.
/
/   0: All basic functions are enabled.
/   1: f_stat(), f_getfree(), f_unlink(), f_mkdir(), f_chmod(), f_utime(),
/      f_truncate() and f_rename() function are removed.
/   2: f_opendir(), f_readdir() and f_closedir() are removed in addition to 1.
/   3: f_lseek() function is removed in addition to 2. */


#define	_USE_STRFUNC	0
/* This option switches string functions, f_gets(), f_putc(), f_puts() and
/  f_printf().
/
/  0: Disable string functions.
/  1: Enable without LF-CRLF conversion.
/  2: Enable with LF-CRLF conversion. */


#define _USE_FIND		0
/* This option switches filtered directory read feature and related functions,
/  f_findfirst() and f_findnext(). (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */


#define	_USE_MKFS		1
/* This option switches f_mkfs() function. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */


#define	_USE_FASTSEEK	0
/* This option switches fast seek feature. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */


#define _USE_LABEL		0
/* This option switches volume label functions, f_getlabel() and f_setlabel().
/  (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */


#define	_USE_FORWARD	0
/* This option switches f_forward() function. (0:Disable or 1:Enable)
/  To enable it, also _FS_TINY need to be set to 1. */


/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
/ Locale and Namespace Configurations
/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define _CODE_PAGE	932
/* This option specifies the OEM code page to be used on the target system.
/  Incorrect setting of the code page can cause a file open failure.
/
/   1   - ASCII (No extended character. Non-LFN cfg. only)
/   437 - U.S.
/   720 - Arabic
/   737 - Greek
/   771 - KBL
/   775 - Baltic
/   850 - Latin 1
/   852 - Latin 2
/   855 - Cyrillic
/   857 - Turkish
/   860 - Portuguese
/   861 - Icelandic
/   862 - Hebrew
/   863 - Canadian French
/   864 - Arabic
/   865 - Nordic
/   866 - Russian
/   869 - Greek 2
/   932 - Japanese (DBCS)
/   936 - Simplified Chinese (DBCS)
/   949 - Korean (DBCS)
/   950 - Traditional Chinese (DBCS)
*/


#define	_USE_LFN	0
#define	_MAX_LFN	255
/* The _USE_LFN option switches the LFN feature.
/
/   0: Disable LFN feature. _MAX_LFN has no effect.
/   1: Enable LFN with static working buffer on the BSS. Always NOT thread-safe.
/   2: Enable LFN with dynamic working buffer on the STACK.
/   3: Enable LFN with dynamic working buffer on the HEAP.
/
/  When enable the LFN feature, Unicode handling functions (option/unicode.c) must
/  be added to the project. The LFN working buffer occupies (_MAX_LFN + 1) * 2 bytes.
/  When use stack for the working buffer, take care on stack overflow. When use heap
/  memory for the working buffer, memory management functions, ff_memalloc() and
/  ff_memfree(), must be added to the project. */


#define	_LFN_UNICODE	0
/* This option switches character encoding on the API. (0:ANSI/OEM or 1:Unicode)
/  To use Unicode string for the path name, enable LFN feature and set _LFN_UNICODE
/  to 1. This option also affects behavior of string I/O functions. */


#define _STRF_ENCODE	3
/* When _LFN_UNICODE is 1, this option selects the character encoding on the file to
/  be read/written via string I/O functions, f_gets(), f_putc(), f_puts and f_printf().
/
/  0: ANSI/OEM
/  1: UTF-16LE
/  2: UTF-16BE
/  3: UTF-8
/
/  When _LFN_UNICODE is 0, this option has no effect. */


#define _FS_RPATH	0
/* This option configures relative path feature.
/
/   0: Disable relative path feature and remove related functions.
/   1: Enable relative path feature. f_chdir() and f_chdrive() are available.
/   2: f_getcwd() function is available in addition to 1.
/
/  Note that directory items read via f_readdir() are affected by this option. */


/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
/ Drive/Volume Configurations
/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define _VOLUMES	2
/* Number of volumes (logical drives) to be used. */


#define _STR_VOLUME_ID	0
#define _VOLUME_STRS	"RAM","NAND","CF","SD1","SD2","USB1","USB2","USB3"
/* _STR_VOLUME_ID option switches string volume ID feature.
/  When _STR_VOLUME_ID is set to 1, also pre-defined strings can be used as drive
/  number in the path name. _VOLUME_STRS defines the drive ID strings for each
/  logical drives. Number of items must be equal to _VOLUMES. Valid characters for
/  the drive ID strings are: A-Z and 0-9. */


#define	_MULTI_PARTITION	0
/* This option switches multi-partition feature. By default (0), each logical drive
/  number is bound to the same physical drive number and only an FAT volume found on
/  the physical drive will be mounted. When multi-partition feature is enabled (1),
/  each logical drive number is bound to arbitrary physical drive and partition
/  listed in the VolToPart[]. Also f_fdisk() funciton will be available. */


#define	_MIN_SS		512	
#define	_MAX_SS		4096  //每个扇区的最大字节
/* These options configure the range of sector size to be supported. (512, 1024,
/  2048 or 4096) Always set both 512 for most systems, all type of memory cards and
/  harddisk. But a larger value may be required for on-board flash memory and some
/  type of optical media. When _MAX_SS is larger than _MIN_SS, FatFs is configured
/  to variable sector size and GET_SECTOR_SIZE command must be implemented to the
/  disk_ioctl() function. */


#define	_USE_TRIM	0
/* This option switches ATA-TRIM feature. (0:Disable or 1:Enable)
/  To enable Trim feature, also CTRL_TRIM command should be implemented to the
/  disk_ioctl() function. */

#define _FS_NOFSINFO	0
/* If you need to know correct free space on the FAT32 volume, set bit 0 of this
/  option, and f_getfree() function at first time after volume mount will force
/  a full FAT scan. Bit 1 controls the use of last allocated cluster number.
/
/  bit0=0: Use free cluster count in the FSINFO if available.
/  bit0=1: Do not trust free cluster count in the FSINFO.
/  bit1=0: Use last allocated cluster number in the FSINFO if available.
/  bit1=1: Do not trust last allocated cluster number in the FSINFO.
*/



/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
/ System Configurations
/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define	_FS_TINY	0
/* This option switches tiny buffer configuration. (0:Normal or 1:Tiny)
/  At the tiny configuration, size of the file object (FIL) is reduced _MAX_SS
/  bytes. Instead of private sector buffer eliminated from the file object,
/  common sector buffer in the file system object (FATFS) is used for the file
/  data transfer. */


#define _FS_NORTC	0
#define _NORTC_MON	1
#define _NORTC_MDAY	1
#define _NORTC_YEAR	2015
/* The _FS_NORTC option switches timestamp feature. If the system does not have
/  an RTC function or valid timestamp is not needed, set _FS_NORTC to 1 to disable
/  the timestamp feature. All objects modified by FatFs will have a fixed timestamp
/  defined by _NORTC_MON, _NORTC_MDAY and _NORTC_YEAR.
/  When timestamp feature is enabled (_FS_NORTC == 0), get_fattime() function need
/  to be added to the project to read current time form RTC. _NORTC_MON,
/  _NORTC_MDAY and _NORTC_YEAR have no effect. 
/  These options have no effect at read-only configuration (_FS_READONLY == 1). */


#define	_FS_LOCK	0
/* The _FS_LOCK option switches file lock feature to control duplicated file open
/  and illegal operation to open objects. This option must be 0 when _FS_READONLY
/  is 1.
/
/  0:  Disable file lock feature. To avoid volume corruption, application program
/      should avoid illegal open, remove and rename to the open objects.
/  >0: Enable file lock feature. The value defines how many files/sub-directories
/      can be opened simultaneously under file lock control. Note that the file
/      lock feature is independent of re-entrancy. */


#define _FS_REENTRANT	0
#define _FS_TIMEOUT		1000
#define	_SYNC_t			HANDLE
/* The _FS_REENTRANT option switches the re-entrancy (thread safe) of the FatFs
/  module itself. Note that regardless of this option, file access to different
/  volume is always re-entrant and volume control functions, f_mount(), f_mkfs()
/  and f_fdisk() function, are always not re-entrant. Only file/directory access
/  to the same volume is under control of this feature.
/
/   0: Disable re-entrancy. _FS_TIMEOUT and _SYNC_t have no effect.
/   1: Enable re-entrancy. Also user provided synchronization handlers,
/      ff_req_grant(), ff_rel_grant(), ff_del_syncobj() and ff_cre_syncobj()
/      function, must be added to the project. Samples are available in
/      option/syscall.c.
/
/  The _FS_TIMEOUT defines timeout period in unit of time tick.
/  The _SYNC_t defines O/S dependent sync object type. e.g. HANDLE, ID, OS_EVENT*,
/  SemaphoreHandle_t and etc.. A header file for O/S definitions needs to be
/  included somewhere in the scope of ff.c. */


#define _WORD_ACCESS	0
/* The _WORD_ACCESS option is an only platform dependent option. It defines
/  which access method is used to the word data on the FAT volume.
/
/   0: Byte-by-byte access. Always compatible with all platforms.
/   1: Word access. Do not choose this unless under both the following conditions.
/
/  * Address misaligned memory access is always allowed to ALL instructions.
/  * Byte order on the memory is little-endian.
/
/  If it is the case, _WORD_ACCESS can also be set to 1 to reduce code size.
/  Following table shows allowable settings of some type of processors.
/
/  ARM7TDMI   0   *2          ColdFire   0    *1         V850E      0    *2
/  Cortex-M3  0   *3          Z80        0/1             V850ES     0/1
/  Cortex-M0  0   *2          x86        0/1             TLCS-870   0/1
/  AVR        0/1             RX600(LE)  0/1             TLCS-900   0/1
/  AVR32      0   *1          RL78       0    *2         R32C       0    *2
/  PIC18      0/1             SH-2       0    *1         M16C       0/1
/  PIC24      0   *2          H8S        0    *1         MSP430     0    *2
/  PIC32      0   *1          H8/300H    0    *1         8051       0/1
/
/  *1:Big-endian.
/  *2:Unaligned memory access is not supported.
/  *3:Some compilers generate LDM/STM for mem_cpy function.
*/

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diskio.c:

/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Low level disk I/O module skeleton for FatFs     (C)ChaN, 2014        */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* If a working storage control module is available, it should be        */
/* attached to the FatFs via a glue function rather than modifying it.   */
/* This is an example of glue functions to attach various exsisting      */
/* storage control modules to the FatFs module with a defined API.       */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include "GuiStar_spi_flash.h"
#include "diskio.h"		/* FatFs lower layer API */

#define SPI_FLASH  1
#define CD_CARD    0


/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Get Drive Status                                                      */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/

DSTATUS disk_status (
	BYTE pdrv		/* Physical drive nmuber to identify the drive */
)
{
	DSTATUS stat;
//	int result;

	switch (pdrv) {
		
	case SPI_FLASH :
		if(SPI_FLASH_ReadID()==sFLASH_ID)
		{
			stat = 0;	//状态正常
		}
		else 
		{
			stat = STA_NOINIT;//状态不正常
		}
		return stat;

	case SD_CARD:

		return stat;
	}
	return STA_NOINIT;
}



/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Inidialize a Drive                                                    */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/

DSTATUS disk_initialize (
	BYTE pdrv				/* Physical drive nmuber to identify the drive */
)
{
	DSTATUS stat;
//	int result;

	switch (pdrv) {
		
	case SPI_FLASH :
		SPI_FLASH_Init();
		SPI_Flash_WAKEUP();
		stat = disk_status(SPI_FLASH);
		return stat;

	case SD_CARD:

		return stat;
	}
	return STA_NOINIT;
}



/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Read Sector(s)                                                        */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/

DRESULT disk_read (
	BYTE pdrv,		/* Physical drive nmuber to identify the drive */
	BYTE *buff,		/* Data buffer to store read data */
	DWORD sector,	/* Sector address in LBA */
	UINT count		/* Number of sectors to read */
)
{
	DRESULT res;
//	int result;

	switch (pdrv) {
		
	case SPI_FLASH :
		SPI_FLASH_BufferRead(buff, sector<<12, count<<12);
		res = RES_OK;

		return res;

	case SD_CARD :
	
		return res;
	}

	return RES_PARERR;
}



/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Write Sector(s)                                                       */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#if _USE_WRITE
DRESULT disk_write (
	BYTE pdrv,			/* Physical drive nmuber to identify the drive */
	const BYTE *buff,	/* Data to be written */
	DWORD sector,		/* Sector address in LBA */
	UINT count			/* Number of sectors to write */
)
{
	DRESULT res;
//	int result;

	switch (pdrv) {
		
	case SPI_FLASH :
		SPI_FLASH_SectorErase(sector<<12);//必须要先擦除扇区
		SPI_FLASH_BufferWrite((BYTE *)buff, sector<<12, count<<12);
		res = RES_OK;

		return res;

	case SD_CARD:

		return res;
	}

	return RES_PARERR;
}
#endif


/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Miscellaneous Functions                                               */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#if _USE_IOCTL
DRESULT disk_ioctl (
	BYTE pdrv,		/* Physical drive nmuber (0..) */
	BYTE cmd,		/* Control code */
	void *buff		/* Buffer to send/receive control data */
)
{
	DRESULT res;
//	int result;

	switch (pdrv) {
	case SPI_FLASH :
		switch(cmd)
		{
			case GET_SECTOR_COUNT://一共有多少个扇区
				*(DWORD*)buff=2048;
			break;
				
			case GET_SECTOR_SIZE://每个扇区有多大
				*(WORD*)buff=4096;
			break;
				
			case GET_BLOCK_SIZE://每次擦除的最小单位（单位是扇区)
				*(DWORD*)buff=1;
			break;
		}
		res = RES_OK;
		return res;

	case SD_CARD:

		return res;
	}
	return RES_PARERR;
}
#endif

DWORD get_fattime (void)
{
	return 0;
}

这个文件不同的存储介质，差异会很大，但是每个函数实现的功能对于上层函数来说都是相同的，所以在这里说明一下每个函数需要实现的功能：

（1）disk_status ：

在这个函数中，你需要做的是，检测存储介质的状态是否正常，以SPI_FLASH为例，读取一次设备ID，然后，与已知的设备ID对比，如果符合，则返回0，否则返回错误信息

（2）disk_initialize ：

在这个函数中，需要完成设备的初始化，同时调用disk_status获取并返回初始化之后，设备的状态

(3）disk_read 和disk_write：

这两个函数负责完成数据的读取和写入操作，读取自然不必多说，相信在座各位右手就行；写入的话就要注意擦除的问题了

（4）disk_ioctl ：

这个函数需要完成GET_SECTOR_COUNT，GET_SECTOR_SIZE和GET_BLOCK_SIZE等三个必须命令和其他的一些非必须命令，其他的命令如下表：

CTRL_SYNC	确保设备已完成挂起的写入过程。如果磁盘 I/O 模块具有回写式缓存，则必须立即将脏缓冲区写回介质。如果在disk_write函数中完成了对介质的每次写入操作，则无需执行此命令。
CTRL_TRIM	通知设备不再需要由 DWORD 数组 {<启动扇区><端扇区>} 指定的扇区块上的数据，这些数据可能会被擦除。这是与 ATA 设备的修剪相同的命令。当此功能不受支持或不是闪存设备时，无需执行此命令。FatF 不检查结果代码，即使扇区块未被很好地擦除，文件功能也不会受到影响。在删除集群链并f_mkfs函数时调用此命令。在 _USE_TRIM == 1 时是必需的。
CTRL_FORMAT	在媒体上创建物理格式。如果 buff 不为 null，则它是指向进度通知的回调函数的指针。
CTRL_POWER_IDLE	将设备置于空闲状态。如果设备通过通用读/写功能进入活动状态，则可能无法设置状态标志中的STA_NOINIT。
CTRL_POWER_OFF	将设备置于关闭状态。关闭设备的电源，并根据需要取消初始化设备接口。必须设置状态标志中的STA_NOINIT。设备通过disk_initialize功能进入活动状态。
CTRL_LOCK	锁定介质弹出装置。
CTRL_UNLOCK	解锁介质弹出机制。
CTRL_EJECT	弹出介质盒。STA_NOINIT和状态标志中的STA_NODISK是在函数成功后设置的。
MMC_GET_TYPE	获取卡类型。类型标志位0：MMCv3、位1：SDv1、位2：SDv2+和位3：LBA被存储到由增益所指向的字节变量中。（特定于母板/单点控制的特定命令）
MMC_GET_CSD	将 CSD 寄存器放入由 buff 指向的 16 字节缓冲区中。（特定于母板/单点控制的特定命令）
MMC_GET_CID	将 CID 寄存器放入由 buff 指向的 16 字节缓冲区中。（特定于母板/单点控制的特定命令）
MMC_GET_OCR	将 OCR 寄存器放入由 buff 指向的 4 字节缓冲区中。（特定于母板/单点控制的特定命令）
MMC_GET_SDSTAT	将 SDSTATUS 寄存器放入由抛光块指向的 64 字节缓冲区中。（特定于 SDC 的命令）
ATA_GET_REV	将修订字符串放入由 buff 指向的 16 字节缓冲区中。（针对特定协议的命令）
ATA_GET_MODEL	将模型字符串放入由 buff 指向的 40 字节缓冲区中。（针对特定协议的命令）
ATA_GET_SN	将序列号字符串放入由 buff 指向的 20 字节缓冲区中。（针对特定协议的命令）