设计模式——简单工厂模式

前言

  最近在看程杰的《大话设计模式》，希望掌握现有的优秀软件设计思想，提升内功修为。本书的示例代码为C#，之前并没有学过C#，借此次机会，正好学习一下。另外，我仿照示例代码，将其修改为C++代码，一是为了加深理解，只有动手敲代码体会才会更深；二是为了比较C++与C#某些细节处的不同。

简单工厂模式C++代码

Operation.h

#pragma once
class Operation {
protected:
	int numberA;
	int numberB;
public:
	Operation() {};
	virtual double getResult() const= 0;
	void setNumberA(int _numberA) {numberA = _numberA;}
	void setNumberB(int _numberB){numberB = _numberB;}
	int getNumberA() const{return numberA;}
	int getNumberB() const{return numberB;}
};

class OperationAdd :public Operation
{
public:
	double getResult() const;
};

class OperationSub :public Operation
{
public:
	double getResult() const;
};

class OperationMul :public Operation
{
public:
	double getResult() const;
};

class OperationDiv :public Operation
{
public:
	double getResult() const;
};
class OperationFactory {
public:
	static Operation* createOperate(char oper);
};

Operation.cpp

#include"Operation.h"
double OperationAdd::getResult() const
{
	return double(getNumberA() + getNumberB());
}
double OperationSub::getResult() const
{
	return double(numberA - numberB);
}

double OperationMul::getResult() const
{
	return double(numberA*numberB);
}
double OperationDiv::getResult() const
{
	if (numberB == 0)
		throw "除数不能为0";
	return double(numberA) / numberB;
}

Operation* OperationFactory::createOperate(char oper)
{
	Operation *operation=nullptr;
	switch (oper)
	{
		case '+':operation = new OperationAdd; break;
		case '-':operation = new OperationSub; break;
		case '*':operation = new OperationMul; break;
		case '/':operation = new OperationDiv; break;
	}
	return operation;
}

main.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include"Operation.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	try {
		int numberA;
		int numberB;
		char oper;
		double result;
		cout << "请输入numberA:";
		cin >> numberA;
		cout << "请输入运算符(+、-、*、/):";
		cin >> oper;
		cout << "请输入numberB:";
		cin >> numberB;

		Operation *operation = nullptr;
		operation = OperationFactory::createOperate(oper);
		
		operation->setNumberA(numberA);
		operation->setNumberB(numberB);
		result = operation->getResult();

		cout << "结果为：" << result << endl;

		delete operation;
		operation = nullptr;
	}
	catch (const char *msg) {
		cout << msg << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

笔记

（1）为什么简单工厂模式又称为静态工厂方法？

  创建具体产品时所使用的的方法为静态方法（函数），不需要先创建工厂类对象，再调用方法。即createOperate()是静态函数，可以这样直接调用：OperationFactory::createOperate(oper)，而不需要先创建对象，再进行调用：OperationFactory factory;factory.createOperate(oper)

（2）工厂类、抽象产品类、具体产品类

• 具体产品类：OperationAdd、OperationSub、OperationMul、OperationDiv等具体的运算类。
• 抽象产品类：Operation，具体产品类的父类，定义虚函数接口等。
• 工厂类：OperationFactory，简单工厂模式的核心，负责创建具体产品类。

参考

https://www.jb51.net/article/55858.htm

https://www.cnblogs.com/jostree/p/4251756.html