MongoDB基础篇：MongoDB Shell命令大全

hiahiahiawobuxiangku
于 2018-01-25 16:07:58 发布
阅读量143
点赞数 1
本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hiahiahiawobuxiangku/article/details/79163063
版权
// 查询所有， 相当于 select * from users
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "username" : "mengday", "age" : 20, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:05:28.286Z") }
{ "_id" : 2, "username" : "tom", "age" : 18, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:05:52.166Z") }
{ "_id" : 3, "username" : "xiaohong", "age" : 28, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:06:13.741Z") }

{ "_id" : 4, "username" : "xiaoming", "age" : 27, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:06:44.812Z") }

{ "_id" : 5, "username" : "sunday", "age" : 37, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:07:45.420Z") }
>

// pretty() 用于格式化查询的结果
> db.users.find().pretty()
{
        "_id" : 1,
        "username" : "mengday",
        "age" : 20,
        "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:05:28.286Z")
}
...
{
        "_id" : 5,
        "username" : "sunday",
        "age" : 37,
        "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:07:45.420Z")
}
>

// 查询一条， 相当于select * from users limit 1
> db.users.findOne()
{
        "_id" : 1,
        "username" : "mengday",
        "age" : 20,
        "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:05:28.286Z")
}

// 查询条件， 相当于 select * from users where age < 20
> db.users.find({"age": {$lt: 20}})
{ "_id" : 2, "username" : "tom", "age" : 18, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:05:52.166Z") }

// 查询指定的字段，1:代表要查询的字段，0：代表不要查询的字段 ，相当于 select username, age from users where age < 20
> db.users.find({"age": {$lt: 20}}, {"_id":0, "username": 1, "age": 1})
{ "username" : "tom", "age" : 18 }

// and 条件,多个调剂直接用逗号分开，不需要什么操作符： 相当于 select * from users where age < 20 and id < 3
> db.users.find({"age": {$lt: 30}, "_id": {$lt: 3 }})
{ "_id" : 1, "username" : "mengday", "age" : 20, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:05:28.286Z") }
{ "_id" : 2, "username" : "tom", "age" : 18, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:05:52.166Z") }

// 同一个字段多个条件： 相当于 select * from users where age > 25 and age < 30
> db.users.find({"age": {$gt: 25, $lt:30 }})
{ "_id" : 3, "username" : "xiaohong", "age" : 28, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:06:13.741Z") }

{ "_id" : 4, "username" : "xiaoming", "age" : 27, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:06:44.812Z") }

// or： 相当于 select * from users where age > 30 or username = 'tom'
> db.users.find({$or: [{"age": {$gt: 30}}, {"username": "tom"}]})
{ "_id" : 2, "username" : "tom", "age" : 18, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:05:52.166Z") }
{ "_id" : 5, "username" : "sunday", "age" : 37, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:07:45.420Z") }

// and or 混合使用，相当于 select * from users where id < 4 and (username = 'mengdat' or age < 20)
> db.users.find({ $or: [{"username": "mengday"}, {"age": {$lt: 20}}], "_id": {$lt: 4} })
{ "_id" : 1, "username" : "mengday", "age" : 20, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:05:28.286Z") }
{ "_id" : 2, "username" : "tom", "age" : 18, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:05:52.166Z") }
>

// in: 相当于 select * from users where age in (18, 28)

> db.users.find({"age": {$in: [18, 28]}})
{ "_id" : 2, "username" : "tom", "age" : 18, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:05:52.166Z") }
{ "_id" : 3, "username" : "xiaohong", "age" : 28, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:06:13.741Z") }
>

// 正则表达式不但可以匹配字符串还可以匹配字段值是正则表达式类型的，此时是相等匹配
// 模糊查询，正则表达式： 以xiao开头，以ng结尾
// 相当于 select * from users where username like 'xiao%' and username like '%ng'
> db.users.find({"username": /^xiao/, "username": /ng$/})
{ "_id" : 3, "username" : "xiaohong", "age" : 28, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:06:13.741Z") }

{ "_id" : 4, "username" : "xiaoming", "age" : 27, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:06:44.812Z") }

> db.users.insert({"_id": 6, "username": "sunday", "age": 39, "birthday": new Date(), "hobby": ["eat
", "drink", "play", "happy", "money", "mm"] })
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

// 正则表达式忽略大小写
> db.users.find({"username": {$regex:/sunday/, $options:"$i"}})
{ "_id" : 5, "username" : "sunday", "age" : 37, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:07:45.420Z") }
{ "_id" : 6, "username" : "SunDay", "age" : 39, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:53:16.072Z"), "h
obby" : [ "eat", "drink", "play", "happy", "money", "mm" ] }

// 正则表达式用于数组
> db.users.find({"hobby": {$regex: "mm"}})
{ "_id" : 6, "username" : "SunDay", "age" : 39, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:53:16.072Z"), "h
obby" : [ "eat", "drink", "play", "happy", "money", "mm" ] }

// 正则表达式包含变量时需要使用eval()函数来计算
> var username = "sunday"
> db.users.find({"username": {$regex:eval("/" + username + "/i")}})
{ "_id" : 5, "username" : "sunday", "age" : 37, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:07:45.420Z") }
{ "_id" : 6, "username" : "SunDay", "age" : 39, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:53:16.072Z"), "h
obby" : [ "eat", "drink", "play", "happy", "money", "mm" ] }

// 数组字段： 值，意思就是这个数组中是否包含该元素，如果包含就是满足条件的
> db.food.insert({"fruit": ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.food.find({"fruit": "banana"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("597d353be210addac88b2a36"), "fruit" : [ "apple", "banana", "cherry" ] }

// 当值是一个值时是是否包含，当值是数组时就是精确匹配了，此时匹配不到结果
> db.food.find({"fruit":  ["apple", "cherry"]})
// $all: 数组中同时都包含多个元素
> db.food.find({"fruit": {$all: ["apple", "cherry"]}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("597d353be210addac88b2a36"), "fruit" : [ "apple", "banana", "cherry" ] }

// 查询数组中指定的下标对应的值是否和给的值一样
// 查询文档中的fruit中第三个元素的值是cherry的文档
> db.food.find({"fruit.2": "cherry"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("597d353be210addac88b2a36"), "fruit" : [ "apple", "banana", "cherry" ] }
>

// $size: 根据数组的长度进行筛选
> db.food.find({"fruit": {$size: 3}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("597d353be210addac88b2a36"), "fruit" : [ "apple", "banana", "cherry" ] }


> db.food.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("597d353be210addac88b2a36"), "fruit" : [ "apple", "banana", "orange", "cherry" ]
>
// 返回数组中前两个元素
> db.food.find({}, {"fruit": {$slice: 2}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("597d353be210addac88b2a36"), "fruit" : [ "apple", "banana" ] }
// 返回数组中后两个元素
> db.food.find({}, {"fruit": {$slice: -2}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("597d353be210addac88b2a36"), "fruit" : [ "orange", "cherry" ] }
// 偏移下标为1，取2个长度，相当于 limint 0, 2
> db.food.find({}, {"fruit": {$slice: [1, 2]}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("597d353be210addac88b2a36"), "fruit" : [ "banana", "orange" ] }
>


> db.test.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("597d4342e210addac88b2a37"), "x" : [ 2, 5 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("597d4350e210addac88b2a38"), "x" : [ 4, 5 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("597d4367e210addac88b2a39"), "x" : [ 4, 10 ] }
// $elemMatch: 数组中是否有一个元素同时满足所有条件（只要有一个元素满足就能匹配上）
> db.test.find({"x": {"$elemMatch": {$gt: 5, $lt: 20}}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("597d4367e210addac88b2a39"), "x" : [ 4, 10 ] }

// 根据字段的数据类型来查询，2代码String
> db.users.find({"username": {$type: 2}})
{ "_id" : 1, "username" : "mengday", "age" : 20, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:05:28.286Z") }
{ "_id" : 2, "username" : "tom", "age" : 18, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:05:52.166Z") }
{ "_id" : 3, "username" : "xiaohong", "age" : 28, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:06:13.741Z") }
{ "_id" : 4, "username" : "xiaoming", "age" : 27, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:06:44.812Z") }
{ "_id" : 5, "username" : "sunday", "age" : 37, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:07:45.420Z") }
{ "_id" : 6, "username" : "SunDay", "age" : 39, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:53:16.072Z"), "h
obby" : [ "eat", "drink", "play", "happy", "money", "mm" ] }

// 查询文档中没有username字段的或者username的值是null
> db.users.find({"username": null})
// 查询文档中存在username字段，并且值是null， $in:[null]和username:null 一样的效果
> db.users.find({"username": {$in: [null], $exists: true}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("597c58f848c373e228a925a6"), "username" : null, "age" : 25 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("597c591e48c373e228a925ab"), "username" : null, "age" : 24 }

// 自定义筛选条件，通过js函数返回的boolean值来筛选，可以实现复杂条件的筛选
> db.users.find({$where: function(){ return this.username == 'mengday' }})
{ "_id" : 1, "username" : "mengday", "age" : 20, "birthday" : ISODate("2017-07-25T07:05:28.286Z") }

// 运行命令： 平常使用的很多命令如db.test.drop()底层都是调用的db.runCommand({"函数名"：参数值})来实现的
> db.runCommand({"drop": "test"})
{ "ns" : "test.test", "nIndexesWas" : 1, "ok" : 1 }
// db.getLastError 和 db.runCommand({getLastError: 1}) 是一样的
> db.getLastError
> db.runCommand({getLastError: 1})

### 游标

游标： 将查询结果赋值给一个局部变量，这个局部变量就是游标, 使用游标时shell并不理解查询数据库，而是等待真正开始要