测试环境:
CentOS5.3 2.6.18
工具:
sendip和wireshark
sendip可以发送各种数据包,确实方便.wireshark图形化的显示对于分析整个数据包还是相当不错的...
一:内核 态基于Netfilter构造数据包
主要有两种方式:
1. alloc_skb申请一个skb结构体,然后根据实际的应用填充不同的成员,或者基于当前数据包的skb,
调用skb_copy() pskb_copy() skb_copy_expand()等新申请一个nskb,并且拷贝skb的内容。
2. 直接在先前接收到的数据包skb上作修改,主要有源IP、目IP,如果是TCP/UDP协议的话,还有源端口目的端口号。
就是根据你自己的需求去调整数据包的相关成员即可。然后重新计算各个部分的校验和。
不管你第一种方式还是第二种方式,你需要知道你也必须知道的就是对于l2 l3 l4层的数据你都必须去构造,我之前就是
由于没有构造L2而郁闷了一天...
让我们先从一个小程序 开始,把5个hook都挂上mac这个函数,主要就是看看l2,对于l3 l4以及应用层我以前的几个帖子里面
已经有很多了,这里就不说了
- printk("------begin %s--------/n", hooks[hooknum]);
- print_ipproto(iph->protocol);
- printk("len is %d, data len is %d/n", nskb->len, nskb->data_len);
- if(nskb->mac_len > 0)
- {
- eth = (struct ethhdr*)(nskb->mac.raw);
- print_mac(eth);
- }
- printk("------end %s--------/n", hooks[hooknum]);
- #include <linux /module.h>
- #include <linux/kernel .h>
- #include <linux/init.h>
- #include <linux/netfilter .h>
- #include <linux/skbuff.h>
- #include <linux/ip.h>
- #include <linux/netdevice.h>
- #include <linux/if_ether.h>
- #include <linux/if_packet.h>
- #include <net/tcp .h>
- #include <net/udp.h>
- #include <net/icmp.h>
- #include <linux/netfilter_ipv4.h>
- #define MAC_FMT "%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x"
- #define MAC_ARG(x) ((u8*)(x))[0],((u8*)(x))[1],((u8*)(x))[2],((u8*)(x))[3],((u8*)(x))[4],((u8*)(x))[5]
- MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
- MODULE_AUTHOR("kenthy@163.com");
- const char* hooks[] ={ "NF_IP_PRE_ROUTING",
- "NF_IP_LOCAL_IN",
- "NF_IP_FORWARD",
- "NF_IP_LOCAL_OUT",
- "NF_IP_POST_ROUTING"};
- void print_ipproto(int proto)
- {
- switch(proto)
- {
- case IPPROTO_ICMP:
- printk("%s/n", "IPPROTO_ICMP");
- break;
- case IPPROTO_TCP:
- printk("%s/n", "IPPROTO_TCP");
- break;
- case IPPROTO_UDP:
- printk("%s/n", "IPPROTO_UDP");
- break;
- default:
- printk("%s/n", "other IPPROTO");
- }
- }
- void print_mac(struct ethhdr* eth)
- {
- if(eth==NULL)
- return;
- if(eth->h_source!=NULL)
- printk("SOURCE:" MAC_FMT "/n", MAC_ARG(eth->h_source));
- if(eth->h_dest!=NULL)
- printk("DEST:" MAC_FMT "/n", MAC_ARG(eth->h_dest));
- }
- unsigned int
- mac(unsigned int hooknum,
- struct sk_buff** skb,
- const struct net_device *in,
- const struct net_device *out,
- int (*okfn)(struct sk_buff*))
- {
- struct sk_buff* nskb;
- struct iphdr *iph = NULL;
- struct ethhdr* eth;
- nskb = *skb;
- if(nskb==NULL)
- {
- printk("%s/n", "*skb is NULL");
- return NF_ACCEPT;
- }
- iph = ip_hdr(nskb);
- if(iph == NULL)
- {
- printk("%s/n", "*iph is NULL");
- return NF_ACCEPT;
- }
- printk("------begin %s--------/n", hooks[hooknum]);
- print_ipproto(iph->protocol);
- printk("len is %d, data len is %d/n", nskb->len, nskb->data_len);
- if(nskb->mac_len > 0)
- {
- eth = (struct ethhdr*)(nskb->mac.raw);
- print_mac(eth);
- }
- else
- printk("%s", "mac is NULL");
- printk("------end %s--------/n", hooks[hooknum]);
- return NF_ACCEPT;
- }
- static struct nf_hook_ops mac_ops[] = {
- {
- .hook = mac,
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .pf = PF_INET,
- .hooknum = NF_IP_PRE_ROUTING,
- .priority = NF_IP_PRI_FIRST,
- },
- {
- .hook = mac,
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .pf = PF_INET,
- .hooknum = NF_IP_LOCAL_IN,
- .priority = NF_IP_PRI_FIRST,
- },
- {
- .hook = mac,
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .pf = PF_INET,
- .hooknum = NF_IP_FORWARD,
- .priority = NF_IP_PRI_FIRST,
- },
- {
- .hook = mac,
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .pf = PF_INET,
- .hooknum = NF_IP_LOCAL_OUT,
- .priority = NF_IP_PRI_FIRST,
- },
- {
- .hook = mac,
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .pf = PF_INET,
- .hooknum = NF_IP_PRE_ROUTING,
- .priority = NF_IP_POST_ROUTING,
- },
- };
- static int __init init(void)
- {
- int ret;
- ret = nf_register_hooks(mac_ops, ARRAY_SIZE(mac_ops));
- if (ret < 0) {
- printk("http detect:can't register mac_ops detect hook!/n");
- return ret;
- }
- printk("insmod mac_ops detect module/n");
- return 0;
- }
- static void __exit fini(void)
- {
- nf_unregister_hooks(mac_ops, ARRAY_SIZE(mac_ops));
- printk("remove mac_ops detect module./n");
- }
- module_init(init);
- module_exit(fini);
insmod mac.ko加载mac模块 后,随便发个ping包
Jan 10 09:44:13 nfs-client kernel: ------begin NF_IP_LOCAL_OUT--------
Jan 10 09:44:13 nfs-client kernel: IPPROTO_ICMP
Jan 10 09:44:13 nfs-client kernel: len is 84, data len is 0
Jan 10 09:44:13 nfs-client kernel: mac is NULL------end NF_IP_LOCAL_OUT--------
Jan 10 09:44:13 nfs-client kernel: ------begin NF_IP_PRE_ROUTING--------
Jan 10 09:44:13 nfs-client kernel: IPPROTO_ICMP
Jan 10 09:44:13 nfs-client kernel: len is 84, data len is 0
Jan 10 09:44:13 nfs-client kernel: SOURCE:00:50:56:fa:70:2a
Jan 10 09:44:13 nfs-client kernel: DEST:00:0c:29:4f:de:ac
Jan 10 09:44:13 nfs-client kernel: ------end NF_IP_PRE_ROUTING--------
Jan 10 09:44:13 nfs-client kernel: ------begin NF_IP_LOCAL_IN--------
Jan 10 09:44:13 nfs-client kernel: IPPROTO_ICMP
Jan 10 09:44:13 nfs-client kernel: len is 84, data len is 0
Jan 10 09:44:13 nfs-client kernel: SOURCE:00:50:56:fa:70:2a
Jan 10 09:44:13 nfs-client kernel: DEST:00:0c:29:4f:de:ac
Jan 10 09:44:13 nfs-client kernel: ------end NF_IP_LOCAL_IN--------
可以看到对于挂载在out上的数据包mac已经被剥掉
当接收一个包时,处理n层协议头的函数从n-1层收到一个缓冲区,它的skb->data指向n层协议的头。处理n层协议的函数把本层的指针(例 如,L3对应的是skb->nh指针)初始化为skb->data,因为这个指针的值会在处理下一层协议时改变(skb->data将 被初始化成缓冲区里的其他地址)。在处理n层协议的函数结束时,在把包传递给n+1层的处理函数前,它会把skb->data指针指向n层协议头的 末尾,这正好是n+1层协议的协议头。
发送包的过程与此相反,但是由于要为每一层添加新的协议头,这个过程要比接收包的过程复杂。
好的,到现在你已经知道要重新搞一个数据包需要自己来DIY l2 l3 l4当然还有l7如果你想....
来先看看skb的几个重要指针吧
unsigned char *head
unsigned char *end
unsigned char *data
unsigned char *tail
它们表示缓冲区和数据部分的边界。在每一层申请缓冲区时,它会分配比协议头或协议数据大的空间。head和end指向缓冲区的头部和尾部,而data和 tail指向实际数据的头部和尾部。每一层会在head和data之间填充协议头,或者在tail和end之间添加新的协议数据
那么具体操作这些指针呢?
(a)skb_put, (b)skb_push, (c)skb_pull, and (d)skb_reserve
再加上dev_queue_xmit这个函数,你已经可以完成整件事了,对你现在有点蒙感觉无从下手,我也是!!! 我是历经几十次的死机才成功的,写这个文章也是希望后来人少走点弯路...
那就从修改开始吧....
- #include <linux/module.h>
- #include <linux/kernel.h>
- #include <linux/init.h>
- #include <linux/netfilter.h>
- #include <linux/skbuff.h>
- #include <linux/ip.h>
- #include <linux/netdevice.h>
- #include <linux/if_ether.h>
- #include <linux/if_packet.h>
- #include <linux/inet.h>
- #include <net/tcp.h>
- #include <net/udp.h>
- #include <net/icmp.h>
- #include <linux/netfilter_ipv4.h>
- MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
- MODULE_AUTHOR("kenthy@163.com");
- #define ETH "eth0"
- unsigned char SMAC[ETH_ALEN] = {0x00,0x0C,0x29,0x4F,0xDE,0xAC};
- unsigned char DMAC[ETH_ALEN] = {0x00,0x50,0x56,0xFA,0x70,0x2A};
- static struct nf_hook_ops modify_ops;
- static unsigned int modify(unsigned int hooknum, struct sk_buff ** skb,
- const struct net_device * in, const struct net_device * out,
- int (*okfn)(struct sk_buff *))
- {
- struct sk_buff* nskb;
- struct iphdr* nip_hdr;
- unsigned int nip_hdr_off;
- struct tcphdr* ntcp_hdr;
- unsigned int ntcp_hdr_off;
- struct ethhdr* neth_hdr;
- int ret = 0;
- nskb = skb_copy(*skb, GFP_ATOMIC);
- if(nskb == NULL)
- {
- printk("%s/n", "skb_copy return NULL");
- return NF_ACCEPT;
- }
- if( nskb->nh.iph->protocol != IPPROTO_TCP)
- {
- kfree_skb(nskb);
- return NF_ACCEPT;
- }
- nip_hdr = nskb->nh.iph;
- nip_hdr_off = nip_hdr->ihl << 2;
- ntcp_hdr = (struct tcphdr *)((void *)nip_hdr + nip_hdr_off);
- ntcp_hdr_off = ntcp_hdr->doff << 2;
- if(!ntcp_hdr->syn)
- {
- kfree_skb(nskb);
- return NF_ACCEPT;
- }
- //evil!
- nip_hdr->daddr = in_aton("192.168.1.101");
- nip_hdr->check = 0;
- nip_hdr->check = ip_fast_csum((unsigned char *)nip_hdr, nip_hdr->ihl);
- nskb->csum = 0;
- nskb->csum = csum_partial((unsigned char *)(ntcp_hdr + ntcp_hdr_off),
- ntohs(nip_hdr->tot_len) - nip_hdr_off - ntcp_hdr_off, 0);
- ntcp_hdr->check = 0;
- ntcp_hdr->check = csum_tcpu dp_magic(nip_hdr->saddr, nip_hdr->daddr,
- ntohs(nip_hdr->tot_len) - nip_hdr_off, nip_hdr->protocol,
- csum_partial((unsigned char *)ntcp_hdr, ntcp_hdr_off, nskb->csum));
- nskb->ip_summed = CHECKSUM_NONE;
- nskb->pkt_type = PACKET_OTHERHOST;
- nskb->dev = dev_get_by_name(ETH);
- if(nskb->dev==NULL)
- {
- printk("%s/n", "dev_get_by_name return NULL");
- kfree_skb(nskb);
- return NF_ACCEPT;
- }
- nskb->mac.raw = skb_push (nskb, ETH_HLEN);
- { //eth headeri
- neth_hdr = (struct ethhdr *)nskb->mac.raw;
- memcpy (neth_hdr->h_dest, DMAC, ETH_ALEN);
- memcpy (neth_hdr->h_source, SMAC, ETH_ALEN);
- neth_hdr->h_proto = __constant_htons (ETH_P_IP);
- }
- dev_hold(nskb->dev);
- printk("%s/n", "dev_hold ok");
- ret = dev_queue_xmit(nskb);
- printk("ret:%d/n", ret);
- return NF_STOLEN;
- }
- static int __init init(void)
- {
- int ret = 0;
- modify_ops.hook = modify;
- modify_ops.hooknum = NF_IP_LOCAL_OUT;
- modify_ops.pf = PF_INET;
- modify_ops.priority = NF_IP_PRI_FIRST;
- ret = nf_register_hook(&modify_ops);
- if (ret < 0)
- {
- printk("%s/n", "can't modify skb hook!");
- return ret;
- }
- printk("%s/n", "insmod modify skb module");
- return 0;
- }
- static void __exit fini(void)
- {
- nf_unregister_hook(&modify_ops);
- printk("%s/n", "remove modify skb module.");
- }
- module_init(init);
- module_exit(fini);
测试结果:
sendip -p ipv4 -is 192.168.238.180 -p tcp -ts 598982 -td 80 192.168.1.1
// sip sport dport dip
sendip比较好用吧,你可以指定syn ack之类的呢
上面的三个数据包是没有加载skb_modify模块的...上面的具体函数你们可以sourceinsight跟踪看看,我也不可能一一讲解
因为我们是挂在NF_IP_LOCAL_OUT上所以我们需要重新搞mac header
那么DIY SKB呢?
- #include <linux/module.h>
- #include <linux/kernel.h>
- #include <linux/init.h>
- #include <linux/netfilter.h>
- #include <linux/skbuff.h>
- #include <linux/ip.h>
- #include <linux/inet.h>
- #include <linux/netdevice.h>
- #include <linux/if_ether.h>
- #include <linux/if_packet.h>
- #include <net/tcp.h>
- #include <net/udp.h>
- #include <net/route.h>
- #include <net/icmp.h>
- #include <linux/netfilter_ipv4.h>
- MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
- MODULE_AUTHOR("kenthy@163.com");
- #define ETH "eth0"
- #define SIP "192.168.238.180"
- #define DIP "192.168.1.101"
- #define SPORT 39804
- #define DPORT 80
- unsigned char SMAC[ETH_ALEN] = {0x00,0x0C,0x29,0x4F,0xDE,0xAC};
- unsigned char DMAC[ETH_ALEN] = {0x00,0x50,0x56,0xFA,0x70,0x2A};
- int cp_dev_xmit_tcp (char * eth, u_char * smac, u_char * dmac,
- u_char * pkt, int pkt_len,
- u_long sip, u_long dip,
- u_short sport, u_short dport, u_long seq, u_long ack_seq, u_char psh, u_char fin)
- {
- struct sk_buff * skb = NULL;
- struct net_device * dev = NULL;
- struct ethhdr * ethdr = NULL;
- struct iphdr * iph = NULL;
- struct tcphdr * tcph = NULL;
- u_char * pdata = NULL;
- int nret = 1;
- if (NULL == smac || NULL == dmac) goto out;
- dev = dev_get_by_name(eth);
- if (NULL == dev)
- goto out;
- skb = alloc_skb (pkt_len + sizeof (struct iphdr) + sizeof (struct tcphdr) + LL_RESERVED_SPACE (dev), GFP_ATOMIC);
- if (NULL == skb)
- goto out;
- skb_reserve (skb, LL_RESERVED_SPACE (dev));
- skb->dev = dev;
- skb->pkt_type = PACKET_OTHERHOST;
- skb->protocol = __constant_htons(ETH_P_IP);
- skb->ip_summed = CHECKSUM_NONE;
- skb->priority = 0;
- skb->nh.iph = (struct iphdr*)skb_put(skb, sizeof (struct iphdr));
- skb->h.th = (struct tcphdr*)skb_put(skb, sizeof (struct tcphdr));
- pdata = skb_put (skb, pkt_len);
- {
- if (NULL != pkt)
- memcpy (pdata, pkt, pkt_len);
- }
- {
- tcph = (struct tcphdr *) skb->h.th;
- memset (tcph, 0, sizeof (struct tcphdr));
- tcph->source = sport;
- tcph->dest = dport;
- tcph->seq = seq;
- tcph->ack_seq = ack_seq;
- tcph->doff = 5;
- tcph->psh = psh;
- tcph->fin = fin;
- tcph->syn = 1;
- tcph->ack = 0;
- tcph->window = __constant_htons (5840);
- skb->csum = 0;
- tcph->check = 0;
- }
- {
- iph = (struct iphdr*) skb->nh.iph;
- iph->version = 4;
- iph->ihl = sizeof(struct iphdr)>>2;
- iph->frag_off = 0;
- iph->protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
- iph->tos = 0;
- iph->daddr = dip;
- iph->saddr = sip;
- iph->ttl = 0x40;
- iph->tot_len = __constant_htons(skb->len);
- iph->check = 0;
- }
- skb->csum = skb_checksum (skb, iph->ihl*4, skb->len - iph->ihl * 4, 0);
- tcph->check = csum_tcpudp_magic (sip, dip, skb->len - iph->ihl * 4, IPPROTO_TCP, skb->csum);
- skb->mac.raw = skb_push (skb, 14);
- {
- ethdr = (struct ethhdr *)skb->mac.raw;
- memcpy (ethdr->h_dest, dmac, ETH_ALEN);
- memcpy (ethdr->h_source, smac, ETH_ALEN);
- ethdr->h_proto = __constant_htons (ETH_P_IP);
- }
- if (0 > dev_queue_xmit(skb)) goto out;
- nret = 0;
- out:
- if (0 != nret && NULL != skb) {dev_put (dev); kfree_skb (skb);}
- return (nret);
- }
- static int __init init(void)
- {
- printk("%s/n","insmod skb_diy module/n");
- cp_dev_xmit_tcp (ETH, SMAC, DMAC,NULL, 0,
- in_aton(SIP),in_aton(DIP),
- htons(SPORT),htons(DPORT),
- 0, 0, 0, 0);
- return 0;
- }
- static void __exit fini(void)
- {
- printk("%s/n","remove skb_diy module./n");
- }
- module_init(init);
- module_exit(fini);
测试结果:
我这里并没有填充上层的东西 但是已经提供接口
pdata = skb_put (skb, pkt_len);
{
if (NULL != pkt)
memcpy (pdata, pkt, pkt_len);
}
你可以自己先截获一个上层的包再填充进去... 关于上层的东西我开源应用层DPI--l7detect初步成果 已经很清楚了,都已经DPI了
就这么多吧,天冷在寝室又没有暖气和空调,考个研还不让我们进实验室^_^,经过这两天的奋战终于搞定修改skb DIY SKB再加上以前基于netfilter的深度数据包检测.... 至此我可以很自信的说对于netfilter不算静态也算熟练了...
由于本人也是菜鸟,纰漏和不对之处还望指正... 写这些东西纯属爱好,由于内核网络 代码这块变化看对于测试环境不一样的机子,概不保证正确性...但是思路肯定还是这样的,主要就是几个API的变化而已
参考:
http://blog.chinaunix .net/u/33048/showart_2043789.html
http://hi.baidu.com/zshidong/blo ... 5f1d00213f2eb0.html
[ 本帖最后由 ubuntu er 于 2010-1-10 14:42 编辑 ]