CLI 语言一览表

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_CLI_languages

       CLI 语言是指用于创建符合“公共语言体系（Common Language Infrastructure）”的库和程序的计算机语言。除了一些明显的例外，绝大多数 CLI 语言全部编译成为“公共中间语言（CIL，Common Intermediate Language）”；而 CIL 做为一种中间语言，可被各种 CLI 执行工具运行，比如“公共语言运行时（CLR，Common Language Runtime）”，微软的 Microsoft .NET Framework、Mono 及 Portable.NET 等。

       在程序被 CLR 执行的时候，CIL 代码以一种“JIT（just in time）”的方式被编译和缓存成机器代码在目标机器体系中运行。

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Common CLI Languages

• C#: Most widely used CLI language, bearing similarities to C++ and Java. Implementations provided by .NET Framework, Portable.NET and Mono.
• C++/CLI: A version of C++ including extensions for using CLR objects. Implementation provided only .NET Framework. Can produce either CIL-based managed code or mixed-mode code that mixes both managed code as well as native code. The compiler is provided by Microsoft.
• F#: A multi-paradigm CLI language supporting functional programming as well asimperative object-oriented programming disciplines. Variant of ML and is largely compatible with OCaml. The compiler provided by Microsoft.