public class Student {
private static List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<Student>();
static {
studentList.add(new Student(Student.S_NAME, Student.NAME, Student.AGE));
studentList.add(new Student(Student.S_NAME, Student.NAME, Student.AGE));
}
private final static String S_NAME = "aaa"; // String pool.
private final static String NAME = new String("bbb");
private final static Integer AGE = 11;
private String sname;
private String name;
private Integer age;
public Student(String sname, String name, Integer age) {
this.sname = sname;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(studentList);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [sname=" + sname + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age
+ "]";
}
}
[size=medium][b]下面是输出:[/b][/size]
[size=medium][b][Student [sname=aaa, name=null, age=null], Student [sname=aaa, name=null, age=null]][/b][/size]
按照以前的理解,不应该是这个结果的。
于是乎问了下大神,得出了以下结论:
1,静态变量声明和初始化是两个过程;
2, String字面常量有个pool, 每次有新的常量出现的时候, 先把它放入pool, 然后直接把变量引用指向pool中的位置;
3. java中的字面常量在编译的时候被替换成真实的值,具体表现为字符串常量和基本类型常量。
4.static 块java language specification是保证happen before的,也就是有顺序的。
[size=medium][b] 所以代码等同于:[/b][/size]
private static List<Student> studentList = null;
private final static String S_NAME = "aaa"; // String pool.
private final static String NAME = null;
private final static Integer AGE = null;
static {
studentList = new ArrayList<Student>();
studentList.add(new Student(Student.S_NAME, Student.NAME, Student.AGE));
studentList.add(new Student(Student.S_NAME, Student.NAME, Student.AGE));
NAME = new String("bbb");
AGE = 11;
}
所以输出结果可定不对啊!!!
改成下面这样就可以了,其实就是换一下声明顺序。
private static List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<Student>();
private final static String S_NAME = "aaa"; // String pool.
private final static String NAME = new String("bbb");
private final static Integer AGE = 11;
static {
studentList.add(new Student(Student.S_NAME, Student.NAME, Student.AGE));
studentList.add(new Student(Student.S_NAME, Student.NAME, Student.AGE));
}
[size=medium][b]输出结果
[Student [sname=aaa, name=bbb, age=11], Student [sname=aaa, name=bbb, age=11]][/b][/size]
自身引用自身的静态变量时才会发生上面个的情况([b]Student引用Student的static[/b]),
如果Student引用Teacher的静态常量就不会有上面这个问题,因为Teacher已经初始化完成所有的静态常量了。