解析Activity中的onCreate方法

我们在写一个自己的Activity的时候需要注意：

1、都必须extends Activity（或者其子类）；

2、必须在方法onCreate中存在一条这样的语句：super.onCreate（也就是调用Activity的onCreate方法），对于super.onCreate方法放的位置要求不是很高，只要被调用了就可以了，super.onCreate主要是加载一些组件。

如下面：

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;


public class TargetActivity extends Activity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView...
}
}

需要引起注意的是：

1、参数Bundle savedInstanceState来自何处？

2、为何super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)语句的缺失会带给应用致命要害。

也许熟悉源码的会发现，其实在Instrumentation类中的方法callActivityOnCreate方法，前面的调用过程略过，主要是在ActivityThread的方法performLaunchActivity中调用了Instrumentation类中的方法callActivityOnCreate方法，继而调用了TargetActivity中的onCreate方法。

步骤：

1、在ActivityThread中的方法performLaunchActivity调用了mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);

2、Instrumentation类中的方法callActivityOnCreate方法，源码如下：

/**
* Perform calling of an activity's {@link Activity#onCreate} method. The
* default implementation simply calls through to that method.
* 
* @param activity
*            The activity being created.
* @param icicle
*            The previously frozen state (or null) to pass through to
*            onCreate().
*/
public void callActivityOnCreate(Activity activity, Bundle icicle) {
if (mWaitingActivities != null) {


synchronized (mSync) {
final int N = mWaitingActivities.size();
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
final ActivityWaiter aw = mWaitingActivities.get(i);
final Intent intent = aw.intent;


if (intent.filterEquals(activity.getIntent())) {
aw.activity = activity;
mMessageQueue.addIdleHandler(new ActivityGoing(aw));
}
}
}
}
//?????activity引用是TargetActivity对象
activity.performCreate(icicle);


if (mActivityMonitors != null) {
synchronized (mSync) {
final int N = mActivityMonitors.size();
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
final ActivityMonitor am = mActivityMonitors.get(i);


am.match(activity, activity, activity.getIntent());
}
}
}
}

再次看方法activity.performCreate(icicle)，其中的方法是通过activity，这个activity，形如：Activity activity = 子Activity的对象（其实也就是Java中的一种多态形式）。

在Activity类中的方法performCreate(icicle)，源码如下：

final void performCreate(Bundle icicle) {

onCreate(icicle);

mVisibleFromClient = !mWindow.getWindowStyle().getBoolean(
com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowNoDisplay, false);

mFragments.dispatchActivityCreated();
}

注意：在performCreate方法中调用的onCreate方法是TargetActivity中的onCreate方法，那么到此TargetActivity中的方法onCreate方法中的参数Bundle savedInstanceState也就知道来源了，此时，TargetActivity中的方法也就被调用了。

再次看TargetActivity中的方法onCreate:

public class TargetActivity extends Activity {


@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView...方法
}

}

第一件事情便是super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)，其实这条语句放在子类中的onCreate方法中的任何位置都可，问题只是super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)必须要被执行，所以，最好也就是放在第一行，看起来比较明确。还有就是调用了setContentView方法。在Activity中的setContentView方法，源码如下：

public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
initActionBar();
}

与WindowManager、PhoneWindow等等进行联系。

回到super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)，来到Activity的onCreate(savedInstanceState)方法，源码如下：

/**
* Called when the activity is starting. This is where most initialization
* should go: calling {@link #setContentView(int)} to inflate the activity's
* UI, using {@link #findViewById} to programmatically interact with widgets
* in the UI, calling
* {@link #managedQuery(android.net.Uri , String[], String, String[], String)}
* to retrieve cursors for data being displayed, etc.
* 
* <p>
* You can call {@link #finish} from within this function, in which case
* onDestroy() will be immediately called without any of the rest of the
* activity lifecycle ({@link #onStart}, {@link #onResume}, {@link #onPause}
* , etc) executing.
* 
* <p>
* <em>Derived classes must call through to the super class's
* implementation of this method.  If they do not, an exception will be
* thrown.</em>
* </p>
* 
* @param savedInstanceState
*            If the activity is being re-initialized after previously being
*            shut down then this Bundle contains the data it most recently
*            supplied in {@link #onSaveInstanceState}. <b><i>Note:
*            Otherwise it is null.</i></b>
* 
* @see #onStart
* @see #onSaveInstanceState
* @see #onRestoreInstanceState
* @see #onPostCreate
*/
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
if (DEBUG_LIFECYCLE)
Slog.v(TAG, "onCreate " + this + ": " + savedInstanceState);
if (mLastNonConfigurationInstances != null) {
mAllLoaderManagers = mLastNonConfigurationInstances.loaders;
}
if (mActivityInfo.parentActivityName != null) {
if (mActionBar == null) {
mEnableDefaultActionBarUp = true;
} else {
mActionBar.setDefaultDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
}
}
if (savedInstanceState != null) {
Parcelable p = savedInstanceState.getParcelable(FRAGMENTS_TAG);
mFragments
.restoreAllState(
p,
mLastNonConfigurationInstances != null ? mLastNonConfigurationInstances.fragments
: null);
}

mFragments.dispatchCreate();

getApplication().dispatchActivityCreated(this, savedInstanceState);
mCalled = true;
}

在TargetActivity中重写了onCreate方法，而在Activity中的onCreate方法中已经对一些基本的基础进行了操作，如果子类没有super.onCraete方法的调用，会导致子类中的onCreate方法功能不全，从而出现错误。

额外问题：onCreate中的savedInstanceState有何具体作用？具体例子？

在activity的生命周期中，只要离开了可见阶段，或者说失去了焦点，activity就很可能被进程终止了！，被KILL掉了，，这时候，就需要有种机制，能保存当时的状态，这就是savedInstanceState的作用。

当一个Activity在PAUSE时，被kill之前，它可以调用onSaveInstanceState()来保存当前activity的状态信息（在paused状态时，要被KILLED的时候）。用来保存状态信息的Bundle会同时传给两个method,即onRestoreInstanceState() and onCreate().

示例代码如下：

package com.myandroid.test;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.util.Log;

public class AndroidTest extends Activity {

     private static final String TAG = "MyNewLog";

    /** Called when the activity is first created. */

    @Override

    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        // If an instance of this activity had previously stopped, we can

        // get the original text it started with.

        if(null != savedInstanceState)

        {

            int IntTest = savedInstanceState.getInt("IntTest");

            String StrTest = savedInstanceState.getString("StrTest");

            Log.e(TAG, "onCreate get the savedInstanceState+IntTest="+IntTest+"+StrTest="+StrTest);        

        }

        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        Log.e(TAG, "onCreate");

    }

   

    @Override

    public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        // Save away the original text, so we still have it if the activity

        // needs to be killed while paused.

      savedInstanceState.putInt("IntTest", 0);

      savedInstanceState.putString("StrTest", "savedInstanceState test");

      super.onSaveInstanceState(savedInstanceState);

      Log.e(TAG, "onSaveInstanceState");

    }

   

    @Override

    public void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

      super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);

      int IntTest = savedInstanceState.getInt("IntTest");

      String StrTest = savedInstanceState.getString("StrTest");

      Log.e(TAG, "onRestoreInstanceState+IntTest="+IntTest+"+StrTest="+StrTest);

    }

}