1000. 词法分析程序设计 **

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问题描述

Description
设一语言的关键词、运算符、分界符的个数与单词如下：
struct { int number; string str[10]; } keywords={3,”int”,”main”,”return”} ; //关键词
struct { int number; string str[10]; } operators ={5,”+”,”“,”=”,”+=”,”=”}; //运算符
struct { int number; string str[10]; } boundaries ={6,”(“,”)”,”{“,”}”,”,”,”;”} ; //分界符
struct { int number; string str[100];} identifieres={0}; //标识符
struct { int number; string str[100];} Unsigned_integer={0}; //无符号整数
以上类号分别为1~5，序号从0开始；
标识符是字母开头的字母数字串；常量为无符号整数；
用C++设计一程序实现词法分析。

Input
输入一程序，结束符用”#”；

Output
输出单词数对：<类号，序号>。 输出标识符表，用空格分隔； 输出无符号整数表，用空格分隔；

Sample Input

main()
{ int a=2,b=3;
  return 2*b+a;
}#

Sample Output

<1,1><3,0><3,1><3,2><1,0><4,0><2,2><5,0><3,4><4,1><2,2><5,1><3,5><1,2><5,0><2,1>
<4,1><2,0><4,0><3,5><3,3>
identifieres:a b
Unsigned_integer:2 3

Problem Source: 词法分析

实现

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

struct { int number; string str[10]; } keywords = { 3,"int","main","return" }; //关键词
struct { int number; string str[10]; } operators = { 5,"+","*","=","+=","*=" }; //运算符
struct { int number; string str[10]; } boundaries = { 6,"(",")","{","}",",",";" }; //分界符
struct { int number; string str[100]; } identifieres = { 0 }; //标识符
struct { int number; string str[100]; } Unsigned_integer = { 0 }; //无符号整数

int main() {
    char c, temp;
    int flag = 0;
    while (1) {
        if (flag == 1) {
            c = temp;
            flag = 0;
        }
        else if (flag == 0) {
            cin.get(c);
        }

        if (c == '#') break;
        if (c == ' ') continue;
        for (int i = 0; i < boundaries.number; i++)  // 识别分解符
            if (c == boundaries.str[i][0]) {
                printf("<3,%d>", i);
                continue;
            }

        // 识别运算符
        if (c == '+' || c == '*') {
            cin.get(temp);
            if (temp == '=') {
                if (c == '+') printf("<2,%d>", 3);
                else printf("<2,%d>", 4);
            }
            else {
                if (c == '+') printf("<2,%d>", 0);
                else printf("<2,%d>", 1);
                flag = 1;
            }
            continue;
        }
        else if (c == '=') {
            printf("<2,%d>", 2);
            continue;
        }

        // 识别无符号整数
        string sint;
        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
            sint.push_back(c);
            while (1) {
                cin.get(temp);
                if (temp >= '0' && temp <= '9') {
                    sint.push_back(temp);
                }
                else {
                    flag = 1;
                    break;
                }
            }
            printf("<5,0>");
            Unsigned_integer.str[Unsigned_integer.number++] = sint;
            continue;
        }

        // 识别关键词和标识符
        string ss;
        if ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')||(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')) {  // 规定了标识符是字母开头, 不包含下划线
            ss.push_back(c);
            while (1) {
                cin.get(temp);
                if ((temp >= 'a' && temp <= 'z') || (temp >= 'A' && temp <= 'Z')||
                    (temp >= '0' && temp <= '9')) {
                    ss.push_back(temp);
                }
                else {
                    flag = 1;
                    break;
                }
            }

            bool isKeyword = false;
            for (int i = 0; i < keywords.number; i++) {
                if (ss == keywords.str[i]) {
                    printf("<1,%d>", i);
                    isKeyword = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!isKeyword) {
                printf("<4,0>");
                identifieres.str[identifieres.number++] = ss;
            }
            continue;
        }
    }

    printf("identifieres:");
    for (int i = 0; i < identifieres.number; i++)
        cout << identifieres.str[i] << " ";

    printf("Unsigned_integer:");
    for (int i = 0; i < Unsigned_integer.number; i++)
        cout << Unsigned_integer.str[i] << " ";
    return 0;
}