HCIA实验复习

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-09 15:42:52 发布

少年M

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-09 15:42:52 发布

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HCIA实验复习

一.拓扑图
在这里插入图片描述

二.需求分析

子网划分

一个环回需要配置一个独立网段，R1,R2,R4各自有两个环回，R5，R6各自有一个环回，因为R6已经给定了网段，所以需要7个网段；R3也需要一个独立网段连接交换机，此时需要8个网段；骨干链路也需要独立网段，所以一共需要14个网段。因为题目要求路由表尽量小，所以需要汇总，所以把R1、R2、R4的两个两个环回地址汇总一下，变成一个网段；六个骨干链路，每个骨干链路需要2个地址，所以进行地址分配的时候要本着节约地址的原则，所以借出三个网段，所以，只需要6个网段。
首先将192.168.1.0/24划分为(取其6)：

 192.168.1.0/27 (骨干)          192.168.1.32/27       192.168.1.64/27       192.168.1.96/27 (R3)       192.168.1.128/27      192.168.1.160/27 (R5环回)    192.168.1.192/27     192.168.1.224/27

将192.168.1.0/27用于骨干网段在此进行划分，避免地址浪费，便于管理直接划分为

（取其6）：

   192.168.1.0/30     192.168.1.4/30      192.168.1.8/30         192.168.1.12/30    192.168.1.16/30   192.168.1.20/30    192.168.1.24/30       192.168.1.128/30

将R1，R2 , R4的网段二次划分为两个环回地址：

  R1：192.168.1.32/27：192.168.1.32/28           192.168.1.48/28 

  R2：192.168.1.64/27 ：192.168.1.64/28          192.168.1.80/28 

  R4：192.168.1.128/27 ：192.168.1.128/28       192.168.1.144/28

三.配置

配ip

[r1]int g 0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add	
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30
Mar 18 2024 20:14:56-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
Mar 18 2024 20:18:55-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[r1-LoopBack0]int lo1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28

[r2]int g 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add	
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
Mar 18 2024 20:31:32-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add	
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30
Mar 18 2024 20:33:18-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[r2-LoopBack0]int lo1
[r2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28

[r3]int g 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.6 30
Mar 18 2024 20:39:02-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.13 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Mar 18 2024 20:41:25-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.97 27
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
Mar 18 2024 20:42:39-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.

[r4]int g 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30
Mar 18 2024 20:43:59-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30
Mar 18 2024 20:45:04-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g 4/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]
Mar 18 2024 20:49:04-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]int g0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
Mar 18 2024 20:50:41-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int lo0
[r4-LoopBack0]int lo1
[r4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28
[r4-LoopBack1]int lo0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28

[Huawei]sys r5
[r5]int g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30
Mar 18 2024 20:57:07-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/2
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.22 30
Mar 18 2024 20:58:05-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 12.0.0.1 24
Mar 18 2024 20:59:47-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.161 27
[r5-LoopBack0]

[r6]int g0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.2 24
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Mar 18 2024 21:03:41-08:00 r6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 24
[r6-LoopBack0]

开启DHCP

[r3]dhcp enable
Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.
[r3]ip pool a
Info: It's successful to create an IP address pool.
[r3-ip-pool-a]network 192.168.1.96 mask 27
[r3-ip-pool-a]gate	
[r3-ip-pool-a]gateway-list 192.168.1.97
[r3-ip-pool-a]dns	
[r3-ip-pool-a]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8
[r3-ip-pool-a]int g0/0/2
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp	
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp s	
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select g	
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global

在这里插入图片描述

关闭百兆接口

[r4]int g4/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]shu	
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]shutdown 
Mar 18 2024 21:21:15-08:00 r4 %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[0]:Interface GigabitEthern
et4/0/0 has turned into DOWN state.
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]
Mar 18 2024 21:21:15-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet4/0/0 has entered the DOWN state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]

写缺省路由

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.0.0.2

避免环路

[r1]ip tatic 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

NAT（一对多）

[r5]acl 2000
[r5-acl-basic-2000]rule per	
[r5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[r5-acl-basic-2000]int g 0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000

R4与R5正常通过1000M链路，故障时通过100M链路;

[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 pr 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 pr 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 pr 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 pr 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 pr 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 pr 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 pr 61

R6telnetR5的公有Ip地址时，实际登陆到R1上

[r1]aaa
[r1-aaa]local	
[r1-aaa]local-user liuu p	
[r1-aaa]local-user liuu password c	
[r1-aaa]local-user liuu password cipher 1234
Info: Add a new user.
[r1-aaa]local-user liuu service-type telnet
[r1-aaa]user-i	
[r1-aaa]user-i
[r1-aaa]user-interface vty 0 4
[r1-ui-vty0-4]au	
[r1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa
[r1-ui-vty0-4]q

[r5]int g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface  23 inside 192.168.1.1 23
Warning:The port 23 is well-known port. If you continue it may cause function fa
ilure.
Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]:y

四.测试

R3下的两台Pc通在这里插入图片描述

R1-R5均可以访问R6的环回

在这里插入图片描述

R6telnetR5的公有Ip地址时，实际登陆到R1上

在这里插入图片描述

少年M

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HCIA实验复习

一个环回需要配置一个独立网段，R1,R2,R4各自有两个环回，R5，R6各自有一个环回，因为R6已经给定了网段，所以需要7个网段；骨干链路也需要独立网段，所以一共需要14个网段。因为题目要求路由表尽量小，所以需要汇总，所以把R1、R2、R4的两个两个环回地址汇总一下，变成一个网段；六个骨干链路，每个骨干链路需要2个地址，所以进行地址分配的时候要本着节约地址的原则，所以借出三个网段，所以，只需要6个网段。将192.168.1.0/27用于骨干网段在此进行划分，避免地址浪费，便于管理直接划分为。
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