Android NDK开发详解之调试和性能分析的通过 Macrobenchmark 控制应用
与大多数 Android 界面测试不同,Macrobenchmark 测试在独立于应用本身的进程中运行。必须这样做才能实现停止应用进程和从 DEX 字节码编译到机器码等目的。
您可以使用 UIAutomator 库或其他可以在测试进程中控制目标应用的机制来驱动应用的状态。您不能将 Espresso 或 ActivityScenario 用于 Macrobenchmark,因为它们需要在与应用共享的进程中运行。
以下示例会使用资源 ID 查找 RecyclerView,然后向下滚动几次:
Kotlin
@Test
fun scrollList() {
benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
// ...
setupBlock = {
// Before starting to measure, navigate to the UI to be measured
val intent = Intent("$packageName.RECYCLER_VIEW_ACTIVITY")
startActivityAndWait(intent)
}
) {
val recycler = device.findObject(By.res(packageName, "recycler"))
// Set gesture margin to avoid triggering gesture navigation
// with input events from automation.
recycler.setGestureMargin(device.displayWidth / 5)
// Scroll down several times
repeat(3) { recycler.fling(Direction.DOWN) }
}
}
Java
@Test
fun scrollList() {
benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
// ...
setupBlock = {
// Before starting to measure, navigate to the UI to be measured
val intent = Intent("$packageName.RECYCLER_VIEW_ACTIVITY")
startActivityAndWait(intent)
}
) {
val recycler = device.findObject(By.res(packageName, "recycler"))
// Set gesture margin to avoid triggering gesture navigation
// with input events from automation.
recycler.setGestureMargin(device.displayWidth / 5)
// Scroll down several times
repeat(3) { recycler.fling(Direction.DOWN) }
}
}
基准测试并不一定要滚动界面。不过,举例来说,它可以运行动画。此外,它也不需要特地使用 UI Automator。只要帧是由视图系统生成的(其中包括 Jetpack Compose 生成的帧),基准测试就会收集性能指标。
注意:访问界面对象时,请指定 packageName,因为此类测试是在单独的进程中运行。
进入应用的内部板块
有时,您需要对应用中无法直接从外部访问的板块进行基准测试。例如,您可能需要访问内部 activity(标有 exported=false)、进入 Fragment,或者滑开界面的某个部分。基准测试需要像用户一样手动进入应用的这些板块。
如需手动进入相应板块,请更改 setupBlock{} 内的代码以包含所需的效果,例如按钮点按或滑动。您的 measureBlock{} 仅包含您要实际进行基准测试的界面操作:
Kotlin
@Test
fun nonExportedActivityScrollList() {
benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
// ...
setupBlock = setupBenchmark()
) {
// ...
}
}
private fun setupBenchmark(): MacrobenchmarkScope.() -> Unit = {
// Before starting to measure, navigate to the UI to be measured
startActivityAndWait()
// click a button to launch the target activity.
// While we use button text here to find the button, you could also use
// accessibility info or resourceId.
val selector = By.text("RecyclerView")
if (!device.wait(Until.hasObject(selector), 5_500)) {
fail("Could not find resource in time")
}
val launchRecyclerActivity = device.findObject(selector)
launchRecyclerActivity.click()
// wait until the activity is shown
device.wait(
Until.hasObject(By.clazz("$packageName.NonExportedRecyclerActivity")),
TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(10)
)
}
Java
@Test
fun nonExportedActivityScrollList() {
benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
// ...
setupBlock = setupBenchmark()
) {
// ...
}
}
private fun setupBenchmark(): MacrobenchmarkScope.() -> Unit = {
// Before starting to measure, navigate to the UI to be measured
startActivityAndWait()
// click a button to launch the target activity.
// While we use button text here to find the button, you could also use
// accessibility info or resourceId.
val selector = By.text("RecyclerView")
if (!device.wait(Until.hasObject(selector), 5_500)) {
fail("Could not find resource in time")
}
val launchRecyclerActivity = device.findObject(selector)
launchRecyclerActivity.click()
// wait until the activity is shown
device.wait(
Until.hasObject(By.clazz("$packageName.NonExportedRecyclerActivity")),
TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(10)
)
}