二、REST风格微服务架构搭建

使用SpringBoot、SpringCloud、Mybatis创建一个简单CURD的Rest风格微服务架构。

源码：https://github.com/hnyydp/microservice

项目代码结构：

1、父工程建立

首先建立一个父项目microservice，用来统一管理项目依赖版本，注意创建的是maven pom项目。

pom.xml

<properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <druid.version>1.1.6</druid.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- SpringCloud,注意导入类型为pom -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Edgware.SR4</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!-- SpringBoot,注意导入类型为pom -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>1.5.13.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!-- Spring-Mybatis -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.0</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- 连接池 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

2、公共模块创建，主要存放实体类，工具类等一些共用的东西。

创建maven module项目microservice-common，默认的jar类型

pom.xml

<dependencies>
        <!-- lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
</dependencies>

创建实体类：Dept.java

@Data  //使用Lombok简化工作
//@Accessors(chain=true) //可以使用链式风格
public class Dept implements Serializable {
    private Integer deptId;
    private String deptName;
}

创建完成后，maven clean install 生成jar到本地仓库，方便其他项目引用。

3、服务提供模块创建

创建maven module项目 microservice-dept-provider-8001，以后可能有多个服务，带上端口号，便于区分

pom.xml

    <dependencies>
        <!-- 引入公共模块 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.pu</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot Web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- MySQL -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Mybatis -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Druid -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

配置application.yml

server:
  context-path: /
  port: 8001  #配置端口

spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_springcloud?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
    username: root
    password: 123456

#mybatis配置
mybatis:
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml     # mybatis配置文件
  type-aliases-package:  org.pu.dept.entity               # entity别名所在类
  mapper-locations:
    - classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml                     # mapper映射文件    

编写dao层操作DeptMapper.java

/**
 * 数据库操作
 * 注意添加mybatis @Mapper注解
 * @author dave
 *
 */
@Mapper
public interface DeptMapper {
    @Select("select * from t_dept")
    @Results({ @Result(id = true, column = "dept_id", property = "deptId"),
            @Result(column = "dept_name", property = "deptName") })
    public List<Dept> selectList();

    @Select("select * from t_dept where dept_id = #{id}")
    public Dept selectById(Integer id);

    @Update("update t_dept t set t.dept_name = #{deptName} where dept_id = #{deptId}")
    public int update(Dept dept);

    @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "deptId")
    @Insert("insert into t_dept (dept_name) values (#{deptName})")
    public int insert(Dept dept);

    @Delete("delete from t_dept where dept_id = #{id}")
    public int deleteById(Integer id);
}

编写Service接口DeptService和它的实现类DeptServiceImpl

public interface DeptService {
    //查询所有
    public List<Dept> selectList();
    //通过ID查询
    public Dept selectById(Integer id);
    //更新
    public int update(Dept dept);
    //插入
    public int insert(Dept dept);
    //删除
    public int deleteById(Integer id);
}

@Service("deptService")
public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService {
    @Autowired
    private DeptMapper deptMapper;

    public List<Dept> selectList() {
        return deptMapper.selectList();
    }
     //......
}

编写Controller层DeptController.java

@RestController
public class DeptController {

    @Autowired
    private DeptService deptService;

    @GetMapping("/depts")
    public List<Dept> depts() {
        return deptService.selectList();
    }

    @GetMapping("/dept/{id}")
    public Dept dept(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id) {
        return deptService.selectById(id);
    }

    @PostMapping("/dept")
    public Dept insert(@RequestBody Dept dept) {
        deptService.insert(dept);
        return dept;
    }

    @PutMapping("/dept")
    public Dept update(@RequestBody Dept dept) {
        deptService.update(dept);
        return dept;
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/dept/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id) {
        return deptService.deleteById(id) > 0;
    }
}

启动项目后，使用Postman进行测试：

4、消费端模块创建

创建maven module项目 microservice-dept-consumer-80，带上端口号，便于区分

pom.xml

    <dependencies>
        <!-- 引入公共模块 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.pu</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

配置application.yml

server:
  context-path: /
  port: 80

传统情况下在java代码里访问restful服务，一般使用Apache的HttpClient。不过此种方法使用起来太过繁琐。spring提供了一种简单便捷的模板类来进行操作，这就是RestTemplate。 springcloud消费者，服务提供者之间的交互是HTTP REST方式 ,比dubbo RPC方式更加灵活方便点；

具体可参考官方API文档：

https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/4.3.7.RELEASE/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplate.html

编写配置类RestTemplateConfig，将RestTemplate加入容器：

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {

    /**
     *  调用restful服务模版,客户端模版工具
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

编写Controller层DeptConsumerController：

@RequestMapping("/consumer")
@RestController
public class DeptConsumerController {

    private final static String URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @GetMapping("/depts")
    public List<Dept> depts() {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(URL_PREFIX + "/depts", List.class);
    }

    @GetMapping("/dept/{id}")
    public Dept dept(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id) {
        return restTemplate
                .getForObject(URL_PREFIX + "/dept/" + id, Dept.class);
    }

    @PostMapping("/dept")
    public Dept insert(@RequestBody Dept dept) {
        return restTemplate.postForObject(URL_PREFIX + "/dept", dept,
                Dept.class);
    }

    @PutMapping("/dept")
    public Dept update(@RequestBody Dept dept) {
        restTemplate.put(URL_PREFIX + "/dept", dept, Dept.class);
        return dept;
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/dept/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id) {
        try {
            restTemplate.delete(URL_PREFIX + "/dept/" + id);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

}

启动消费者应用，使用Postman测试：