wxPython一

wxPython是一个基于wxWidgets的跨平台界面库，同类的界面库还有GTK，QT等等，笔者使用的环境是Windows XP+Python2.6+wxPython2.8。wxPython下载地址：http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/wxpython/wxPython/2.8.9.2/wxPython2.8-win32-unicode-2.8.9.2-py26.exe?use_mirror=nchc。

 

1. 第一个demo（使用提供的PySimpleAPP），对于demo，先来code再解释：

#coding=utf8 #!usr/bin/env python import wx class MyFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self): print 'MyFrame.__init__' wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, -1, "demo1", size=(300,400)) panel = wx.Panel(self, -1) panel.Bind(wx.EVT_MOTION, self.OnMove) wx.StaticText(panel, -1, "Pos:", pos=(10,12)) self.posCtrl = wx.TextCtrl(panel, -1, "", pos=(40,10)) def OnMove(self, event): pos = event.GetPosition() self.posCtrl.SetValue("%s, %s" % (pos.x, pos.y)) if __name__ == '__main__': # app = wx.PySimpleApp(True) app = wx.PySimpleApp(True, "demo1.log") frame = MyFrame() frame.Show(True) app.MainLoop()  

 

对于一个应用来说，必不可少的是需要一个wx.APP，一个Frame，所以每个应用必须至少包含这两个，上面的实例也一样，接下来一句一句解释，先从‘__main__’看起：

    app = wx.PySimpleApp(True, "demo1.log")  #起一个App，第一个参数表示是否输出打印，第二个参数表示输出的文件名，若第二个参数为None，则输出到窗口中。
    frame = MyFrame() #起一个Frame
    frame.Show(True)  #显示
    app.MainLoop()      # 交出执行权，进入消息循环

 

在自定义的MyFrame类中，

首先调用基类的初始化函数__init__；

然后给Frame增加一个控件Panel，接着给panel绑定wx.EVT_MOTION事件，并设定了回调函数self.OnMove；

继续增加控件StaticText；

继续增加控件TextCtrl；

在回调函数OnMove中，设置postion；

 

 

2.复杂一点的demo（使用背景图片，自定义输出）

class Frame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, image, parent=None, id=-1, pos=wx.DefaultPosition, title='Hello, wxPython!'): print "Fram __init__" bit_image = image.ConvertToBitmap() image_size = image.GetSize().GetWidth(), image.GetSize().GetHeight() wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title, pos, image_size) self.bmp = wx.StaticBitmap(parent=self, bitmap=bit_image) class App(wx.App): outputWindowClass = PyOnDemandOutputWindow def __init__(self, redirect=True, filename=None): print "App __init__" wx.App.__init__(self, redirect, filename) def OnInit(self): print "App OnInit" image = wx.Image('wxPython.jpg', wx.BITMAP_TYPE_JPEG) self.frame = Frame(image) self.frame.Show() self.SetTopWindow(self.frame) print "App Frmae Create" return True def OnExit(self): print "App OnExit" if __name__ == '__main__': app = App(True) print 'Befor MainLoop' app.MainLoop() print 'After MainLoop'

 

 

还是先从'__main__'看起，怎么这时候没有了Show()，直接进入MainLoop了呢？待我们再细细看下看，wx.APP会在初始化函数__init__中调用OnInit方法，而我们的Show()就是放在OnInit函数中了哈，在OnInit我们可以做一些我们需要初始化的事情。

 

在Frame类中，给Frame控件增加了一个StaticBitmap控件，这样就给Frame加上图片背景了；

如果要自定义输出，就需要在App类型中设定变量outputWindowClass的值，demo上我们设定了outputWindowClass = PyOnDemandOutputWindow；

#PyOnDemandOutputWindow示例，增加了日志输出时间：

import os import time import datetime import wx class PyOnDemandOutputWindow: """ A class that can be used for redirecting Python's stdout and stderr streams. It will do nothing until something is wrriten to the stream at which point it will create a Frame with a text area and write the text there. """ def __init__(self, title = "wxPython: stdout/stderr"): self.frame = None self.title = title self.pos = wx.DefaultPosition self.size = (450, 300) self.parent = None self.triggers = [] self.logfile = None def SetParent(self, parent): """Set the window to be used as the popup Frame's parent.""" self.parent = parent def RaiseWhenSeen(self, trigger): """ Trigger is a string or list of strings that will cause the output window to be raised when that trigger text is written. """ import types if type(trigger) in types.StringTypes: trigger = [trigger] self.triggers = trigger def CreateOutputWindow(self, st): self.frame = wx.Frame(self.parent, -1, self.title, self.pos, self.size, style=wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE) self.text = wx.TextCtrl(self.frame, -1, "", style=wx.TE_MULTILINE|wx.TE_READONLY) self.text.AppendText(st) self.frame.Show(True) self.frame.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.OnCloseWindow) def CreateOutputFile(self, st): self.logfile = file("log.txt", "ab") self.write(st) def OnCloseWindow(self, event): if self.frame is not None: self.frame.Destroy() self.frame = None self.text = None self.parent = None # These methods provide the file-like output behaviour. def write(self, text): """ Create the output window if needed and write the string to it. If not called in the context of the gui thread then uses CallAfter to do the work there. """ if self.logfile is None: if not wx.Thread_IsMain(): wx.CallAfter(self.CreateOutputFile, text) else: self.CreateOutputFile(text) else: if not wx.Thread_IsMain(): wx.CallAfter(self.__write, text) else: self.__write(text) def __write(self, text): # helper function for actually writing the text, and # optionally raising the frame if needed dt_now = datetime.datetime.now() dt_now_str = dt_now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") self.logfile.write('[%s] %s%s' % (dt_now_str, text, os.linesep)) def close(self): if self.frame is not None: wx.CallAfter(self.frame.Close) if self.logfile is not None: self.logfile.flush() self.logfile.close() def flush(self): if self.logfile is not None: self.logfile.flush()

 

wxPython封装的很面向对象，使用起来也很顺手哈。