1、对字符的读取
只能读取纯文本,不能读取二进制文件如音频,视频等,doc文件以及其他不是纯文本的文档。
1.1 纯文本的读取
使用java.io.Reader类读取纯文本文件,其源代码重要的几个方法如下:
package java.io;
public abstract class Reader implements Readable, Closeable {
/**
* 读取一个字符
*/
public int read() throws IOException {
char cb[] = new char[1];
if (read(cb, 0, 1) == -1)
return -1;
else
return cb[0];
}
/**
* 读取一个字符数组
*/
public int read(char cbuf[]) throws IOException {
return read(cbuf, 0, cbuf.length);
}
/**
* 读取一个字符数组或者字符数组的一部分
*/
abstract public int read(char cbuf[], int off, int len) throws IOException;
/**
* 关闭流
*/
abstract public void close() throws IOException;
}
1.2 读取纯文本的demo如下:
/**
*
* @param file
* 文件对象
*/
public static void readFile(File file) {
Reader reader = null;
try {
reader = new FileReader(file);
char[] buffer = new char[1024];
int len = 0;
while (-1 != (len = reader.read(buffer))) {
System.out.println(new String(buffer, 0, len));
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (null != reader) {
reader.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
*
* @param file
* 文件对象
*/
public static void readFileWithJdk7(File file) {
// java 7 新特性 try-with-resource
// 不用手动释放资源,程序自动释放,因为Reader实现了AutoCloseable接口
try (Reader reader = new FileReader(file)) {
char[] buffer = new char[1024];
int len = 0;
while (-1 != (len = reader.read(buffer))) {
System.out.println(new String(buffer, 0, len));
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
*
* @param filePath
* 文件路径
*/
public static void readFile(String filePath) {
readFile(new File(filePath));
}
2、对字符的写出
只能对纯文本写出。
2.1 纯文本的写出
使用java.io.Writer类向纯文本进行写出,其中源码几个重要的方法如下:
package java.io;
public abstract class Writer implements Appendable, Closeable, Flushable {
/**
* 写一个字符
*/
public void write(int c) throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
if (writeBuffer == null){
writeBuffer = new char[WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE];
}
writeBuffer[0] = (char) c;
write(writeBuffer, 0, 1);
}
}
/**
* 写一个字符数组
*/
public void write(char cbuf[]) throws IOException {
write(cbuf, 0, cbuf.length);
}
/**
*写一个字符数组或字符数组的一部分
*/
abstract public void write(char cbuf[], int off, int len) throws IOException;
/**
* 写一个字符串
*/
public void write(String str) throws IOException {
write(str, 0, str.length());
}
/**
* 写一个字符串或字符串的一部分
*/
public void write(String str, int off, int len) throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
char cbuf[];
if (len <= WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE) {
if (writeBuffer == null) {
writeBuffer = new char[WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE];
}
cbuf = writeBuffer;
} else { // Don't permanently allocate very large buffers.
cbuf = new char[len];
}
str.getChars(off, (off + len), cbuf, 0);
write(cbuf, 0, len);
}
}
/**
* 追加特定字符到此流中
*/
public Writer append(CharSequence csq) throws IOException {
if (csq == null)
write("null");
else
write(csq.toString());
return this;
}
/**
* 追加特定字符或特定字符的一部分到此流中
*/
public Writer append(CharSequence csq, int start, int end) throws IOException {
CharSequence cs = (csq == null ? "null" : csq);
write(cs.subSequence(start, end).toString());
return this;
}
/**
* 追加特定字符到此流中
*/
public Writer append(char c) throws IOException {
write(c);
return this;
}
/**
* 刷新流
*/
abstract public void flush() throws IOException;
/**
* 关闭流
*/
abstract public void close() throws IOException;
}
2.2 纯文本写出demo如下:
/**
* jdk 7 新特性
*
* @param file
* 指定输出文件
* @param msg
* 输出内容
* @param append
* 是否追加,true 追加 false 不追加
*/
public static void writeToFileWithJdk7(File file, String msg, boolean append) {
try (Writer writer = new FileWriter(file)) {
writer.write(msg);
writer.flush();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
*
* @param file
* 指定输出文件
* @param msg
* 输出内容
* @param append
* 是否追加,true 追加 false 不追加
*/
public static void writeToFile(File file, String msg, boolean append) {
Writer writer = null;
try {
writer = new FileWriter(file);
writer.write(msg);
writer.flush();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (null != writer) {
writer.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
*
* @param filePath
* 指定输出文件路径
* @param msg
* 输出内容
* @param append
* 是否追加,true 追加 false 不追加
*/
public static void writeToFile(String filePath, String msg, boolean append) {
writeToFile(new File(filePath), msg, append);
}