Java线程简单使用

java 中实现多线程有四种方式

1. 继承 Thread 类
2. 实现 Runnable 接口
3. 使用 FutureTask
4. 使用 Executor 框架

单线程实现单词抄写

1、Punishment.java

存储要抄写的单词，以及剩余的抄写次数。主要代码如下：

public class Punishment {
    private int leftCopyCount;
    private String wordToCopy;
    public Punishment(int leftCopyCount, String wordToCopy) {
        this.leftCopyCount = leftCopyCount;
        this.wordToCopy = wordToCopy;
    }
    public int getLeftCopyCount() {
        return leftCopyCount;
    }
    public void setLeftCopyCount(int leftCopyCount) {
        this.leftCopyCount = leftCopyCount;
    }
    public String getWordToCopy() {
        return wordToCopy;
    }
    public void setWordToCopy(String wordToCopy) {
        this.wordToCopy = wordToCopy;
    }
}

2、Student.java

持有 Punishment 的引用。实现了抄写单词的 copyWord 方法。主要代码如下：

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Punishment punishment;

    public Student(String name,Punishment punishment) {
        this.name=name;
        this.punishment = punishment;
    }

    public void copyWord() {
        int count = 0;
        String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();

        while (true) {
                if (punishment.getLeftCopyCount() > 0) {
                    int leftCopyCount = punishment.getLeftCopyCount();
                    System.out.println(threadName+"线程-"+name + "抄写" + punishment.getWordToCopy() + "。还要抄写" + --leftCopyCount + "次");
                    punishment.setLeftCopyCount(leftCopyCount);
                    count++;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
        }

        System.out.println(threadName+"线程-"+name + "一共抄写了" + count + "次！");
    }
}

public class StudentClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Punishment punishment = new Punishment(100,"internationalization");
        Student student = new Student("小明",punishment);
        student.copyWord();
    }
}

输出如下：

main线程-小明抄写internationalization。还要抄写99次
…（中间省略）
main线程-小明抄写internationalization。还要抄写0次
main线程-小明一共抄写了100次！

继承thread实现独立线程单词抄写

//1、继承Thread类
public class Student extends Thread {
    private String name;
    private Punishment punishment;
    public Student(String name, Punishment punishment) {
        //2、调用Thread构造方法，设置threadName
        super(name);
        this.name = name;
        this.punishment = punishment;
    }
    public void copyWord() {
        int count = 0;
        String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
        while (true) {
            if (punishment.getLeftCopyCount() > 0) {
                int leftCopyCount = punishment.getLeftCopyCount();
                System.out.println(threadName + "线程-" + name + "抄写" + punishment.getWordToCopy() + "。还要抄写" + --leftCopyCount + "次");
                punishment.setLeftCopyCount(leftCopyCount);
                count++;
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
        System.out.println(threadName + "线程-" + name + "一共抄写了" + count + "次！");
    }
    //3、重写run方法，调用copyWord完成任务
    @Override
    public void run() {
        copyWord();
    }
}

public class StudentClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Punishment punishment = new Punishment(100,"internationalization");
        Student student = new Student("小明",punishment);
        student.start();
    }
}

可以看到此时调用的不是 student 的 copyWord 方法，而是调用了 start 方法。start 方法是从 Thread 类继承而来，调用后线程进入就绪状态，等待 CPU 的调用。而 start 方法最终会触发执行 run 方法，在 run 方法中 copyWord 被执行。输出如下：

小明线程-小明抄写internationalization。还要抄写99次
…（中间省略）
小明线程-小明抄写internationalization。还要抄写0次
小明线程-小明一共抄写了100次！

实现runnable接口，启用单独线程抄写单词

public class Student implements Runnable{
    private String name;
    private Punishment punishment;

    public Student(String name, Punishment punishment) {
        this.name=name;
        this.punishment = punishment;
    }

    public void copyWord() {
        int count = 0;
        String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();

        while (true) {
                if (punishment.getLeftCopyCount() > 0) {
                    int leftCopyCount = punishment.getLeftCopyCount();
                    System.out.println(threadName+"线程-"+name + "抄写" + punishment.getWordToCopy() + "。还要抄写" + --leftCopyCount + "次");
                    punishment.setLeftCopyCount(leftCopyCount);
                    count++;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
        }

        System.out.println(threadName+"线程-"+name + "一共抄写了" + count + "次！");
    }

    //重写run方法，完成任务。
    @Override
    public void run(){
        copyWord();
    }
}

public class StudentClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Punishment punishment = new Punishment(100,"internationalization");
        Thread xiaoming = new Thread(new Student("小明",punishment),"小明");
        xiaoming.start();
    }
}