关于python第三方库问题整理

关于python第三方库问题整理

一、查看安装的第三方库

通过命令提示符查看

1. 在电脑上打开命令提示符(可以在桌面通过摁win+r快捷键,进入搜索再输入cmd进入命令提示符)

输入pip list

就会显示安装的第三方库和版本号

C:\Users\Lenovo>pip list
Package                   Version
------------------------- ---------
altgraph                  0.17
certifi                   2020.6.20
chardet                   3.0.4
future                    0.18.2
idna                      2.10
pefile                    2019.4.18
pip                       19.0.3
pyinstaller               4.0
pyinstaller-hooks-contrib 2020.10
pywin32-ctypes            0.2.0
requests                  2.24.0
setuptools                40.8.0
urllib3                   1.25.10

通过安装位置查找

• 进去python的安装路径中查看。在你之前选着安装python路径下的目录(D:\software\python\Lib\site-packages)

  

• 这样可以看到安装的第三方库的文件夹

二、安装第三方库（例如装jieba）

可以在命令提示符下安装，或者在集成开发环境中安装（如：pycharm）

• 在命令提示符下操作
• 输入pip install+第三方库名称
• 如:pip install jieba

C:\Users\Lenovo>pip install jieba
Collecting jieba
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c6/cb/18eeb235f833b726522d7ebed54f2278ce28ba9438e3135ab0278d9792a2/jieba-0.42.1.tar.gz (19.2MB)
    52% |█████████████████               | 10.0MB 31kB/s eta 0:04:48Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 360, in _error_catcher
    yield
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 442, in read
    data = self._fp.read(amt)
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 62, in read
    data = self.__fp.read(amt)
  File "d:\software\python\lib\http\client.py", line 457, in read
    n = self.readinto(b)
  File "d:\software\python\lib\http\client.py", line 501, in readinto
    n = self.fp.readinto(b)
  File "d:\software\python\lib\socket.py", line 589, in readinto
    return self._sock.recv_into(b)
  File "d:\software\python\lib\ssl.py", line 1071, in recv_into
    return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
  File "d:\software\python\lib\ssl.py", line 929, in read
    return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
socket.timeout: The read operation timed out

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 179, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 315, in run
    resolver.resolve(requirement_set)
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 131, in resolve
    self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req)
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 294, in _resolve_one
    abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 242, in _get_abstract_dist_for
    self.require_hashes
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 334, in prepare_linked_requirement
    progress_bar=self.progress_bar
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 878, in unpack_url
    progress_bar=progress_bar
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 702, in unpack_http_url
    progress_bar)
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 946, in _download_http_url
    _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar)
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 639, in _download_url
    hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\hashes.py", line 62, in check_against_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 607, in written_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\ui.py", line 159, in iter
    for x in it:
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 596, in resp_read
    decode_content=False):
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 494, in stream
    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 459, in read
    raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
  File "d:\software\python\lib\contextlib.py", line 130, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
  File "d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 365, in _error_catcher
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.
You are using pip version 19.0.3, however version 20.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

然而很意外,没装上,原因是时间超时(ReadTimeoutError),外网太慢,下载速度跟龟速似的

但是通过国内的镜像就很快

如果安装第三方库由于时间超时,下载速度慢导致安装失败,可以使用国内的镜像进行安装

如:清华大学开源软件镜像站

这个是pypi镜像使用的方式 使用

这样通过在命令行输入pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple jieba

运行结果:

C:\Users\Lenovo>pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple jieba
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting jieba
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/c6/cb/18eeb235f833b726522d7ebed54f2278ce28ba9438e3135ab0278d9792a2/jieba-0.42.1.tar.gz (19.2MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 19.2MB 1.8MB/s
Installing collected packages: jieba
  Running setup.py install for jieba ... done
Successfully installed jieba-0.42.1
You are using pip version 19.0.3, however version 20.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

成功安装jieba库

再查找一下输入pip list

C:\Users\Lenovo>pip list
Package                   Version
------------------------- ---------
altgraph                  0.17
certifi                   2020.6.20
chardet                   3.0.4
future                    0.18.2
idna                      2.10
jieba                     0.42.1
pefile                    2019.4.18
pip                       19.0.3
pyinstaller               4.0
pyinstaller-hooks-contrib 2020.10
pywin32-ctypes            0.2.0
requests                  2.24.0
setuptools                40.8.0
urllib3                   1.25.10

发现就有jieba了

三、删除第三方库

通过pip命令删除

• 打开命令提示符,输入pip uninstall 库名,

例如卸载pyinstaller,输入pip uninstall pyinstaller

然后会出现是否确认删除,输入y,最后会显示Successfully uninstaller pyinstaller-4.0

C:\Users\Lenovo>pip uninstall pyinstaller
Uninstalling pyinstaller-4.0:
  Would remove:
    d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-4.0.dist-info\*
    d:\software\python\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller\*
    d:\software\python\scripts\pyi-archive_viewer.exe
    d:\software\python\scripts\pyi-bindepend.exe
    d:\software\python\scripts\pyi-grab_version.exe
    d:\software\python\scripts\pyi-makespec.exe
    d:\software\python\scripts\pyi-set_version.exe
    d:\software\python\scripts\pyinstaller.exe
Proceed (y/n)?y
	Successfully uninstaller pyinstaller-4.0
	

• 确认是否已经删除可以通过输入pip list查看还有没有pyinstaller

手动删除

• 如果不能使用pip命令删除,可以在安装路径上删除

如D:\software\python\Lib\site-packages在该路径下查找要删除的库

一般在python安装路径下\Lib\site-packages文件夹内