进程间通信之消息队列

key_t ftok( const char * fname, int id )

用于生成ID值

int msgget(key_t key, int msgflg);

通过key，获取消息队列权限或创建消息队列

int msgsnd(int msqid, const void *msgp, size_t msgsz, int msgflg);

size_t msgrcv(int msqid, void *msgp, size_t msgsz, long msgtyp, int msgflg);

发送接收消息函数

以下为创建发送消息的一段代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

struct msgbuf
{
    long type;
    char text[256];
};

int main()
{
    key_t key;
    int ret;
    int qid;
    struct msgbuf msg;

    key = ftok(".", 'a');
    printf("key is %d\n", key);

   qid = msgget(key,IPC_CREAT|0666);
    if(-1 == qid)
    {
        printf("msgget error\n");
        return -1;
    }
    printf("qid is %d\n", qid);

    msg.type = 100;
    (void)strcpy(&msg.text, "hello");
    ret = msgsnd(qid, &msg, sizeof(msg.text), msg.type);
    if(ret < 0)
    {
        printf("msgsnd error\n");
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

执行上面程序2次后

linux-o45o:~ # ipcs -q
------ Message Queues --------
key        msqid      owner      perms      used-bytes   messages
0x61122012 0          root       666        512          2

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

struct msgbuf
{
    long type;
    char text[256];
};

int main()
{
    key_t key;
    int ret;
    int qid;
    struct msgbuf msg;

    key = ftok(".", 'a');
    printf("key is %d\n", key);

    qid = msgget(key,IPC_CREAT|0666);
    if(-1 == qid)
    {
        printf("msgget error\n");
        return -1;
    }
    printf("qid is %d\n", qid);

    msg.type = 100;
    ret = msgrcv(qid, &msg, sizeof(msg.text), msg.type, 0);
    if(ret < 0)
    {
        printf("msgrcv error\n");
        return -1;
    }
    printf("msg is %s\n", msg.text);
    return 0;
}

执行程序1输出
key is 1628577810
qid is 0
执行程序2输出
key is 1628577810
qid is 0
msg is hello