Python静态web服务器实战

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-14 15:21:37 发布

hooocc

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-14 15:21:37 发布

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分类专栏： Python 文章标签： python 服务器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hooocc/article/details/136042462

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文章讲述了如何使用Python编写一个简单的服务器，可以返回静态HTML页面，支持动态指定路径和处理404错误，同时利用多线程和面向对象的方式优化性能。

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准备html页面，包含两个页面(index.html, index2.html)和一个404(404html)页面，目录示意：

1.返回固定页面

with open("website/index.html","r") as file:

import socket

# # 返回固定的页面 website/index.html
if __name__== '__main__':
    tcp_server_socket= socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) 
    # 设置端口号复用，程序退出端口号立即释放
    tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR,True)
    # 绑定端口号
    tcp_server_socket.bind(("",8000))

    tcp_server_socket.listen(128)
    #  循环等待接受客户端的连接请求
    while True:
        new_socket,ip_port = tcp_server_socket.accept()
        recv_data = new_socket.recv(4096)
        print(recv_data)
        with open("website/index.html","r") as file:
            file_data = file.read()
        # 把数据封装成http响应报文格式的数据
            
        # 响应行
        response_line = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"
        # 响应头
        response_header = "Server:PWS/1.0\r\n"
        # 空行
        # 响应体
        response_body = file_data
      
        response = response_line + response_header + "\r\n" + response_body
        
        response_data = response.encode("utf-8")

        new_socket.send(response_data)

        new_socket.close()

2.返回指定页面代码,动态指定request path

with open("website"+request_path,"rb") as file:

import socket

# 返回指定的页面 website/index.html

def pages():
    tcp_server_socket= socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) 
    # 设置端口号复用，程序退出端口号立即释放
    tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR,True)
    # 绑定端口号
    tcp_server_socket.bind(("",8000))

    tcp_server_socket.listen(128)
    #  循环等待接受客户端的连接请求
    while True:
        new_socket,ip_port = tcp_server_socket.accept()
        recv_data = new_socket.recv(4096)
        # 判断接受的数据长度是否为0
        if len(recv_data)==0:
            new_socket.close()
            return
        # 对二进制数据进行解码
        recv_content = recv_data.decode("utf-8")
        request_list = recv_content.split(" ",maxsplit=2)
        request_path = request_list[1]
        print(request_path)
        if request_path=="/":
            request_path = "/index.html"
        with open("website"+request_path,"rb") as file:
            file_data = file.read()
        # 把数据封装成http响应报文格式的数据
            
        # 响应行
        response_line = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"
        # 响应头
        response_header = "Server:PWS/1.0\r\n"
        # 空行
        # 响应体
        response_body = file_data
      
        response = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_body
        
        new_socket.send(response)

        new_socket.close()

            

if __name__== '__main__':
   pages()

3.如果页面不存在返回404页面

with open("website/404.html","rb") as file:

import socket

# 解决404页面

def pages():
    tcp_server_socket= socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) 
    # 设置端口号复用，程序退出端口号立即释放
    tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR,True)
    # 绑定端口号
    tcp_server_socket.bind(("",8000))

    tcp_server_socket.listen(128)
    #  循环等待接受客户端的连接请求
    while True:
        new_socket,ip_port = tcp_server_socket.accept()
        recv_data = new_socket.recv(4096)
        # 判断接受的数据长度是否为0
        if len(recv_data)==0:
            new_socket.close()
            return
        # 对二进制数据进行解码
        recv_content = recv_data.decode("utf-8")
        request_list = recv_content.split(" ",maxsplit=2)
        request_path = request_list[1]
        print(request_path)
        if request_path=="/":
            request_path = "/index.html"

        try:
            with open("website"+request_path,"rb") as file:
                file_data = file.read()
           
        except Exception as e:
            with open("website/404.html","rb") as file:
                file_data = file.read()
                 # 响应行
            response_line = "HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found\r\n"
            # 响应头
            response_header = "Server:PWS/1.0\r\n"
            # 空行
            # 响应体
            response_body = file_data
        
            response = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_body
            
            new_socket.send(response)
        else:
             # 把数据封装成http响应报文格式的数据
            # 响应行
            response_line = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"
            # 响应头
            response_header = "Server:PWS/1.0\r\n"
            # 空行
            # 响应体
            response_body = file_data
        
            response = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_body
            
            new_socket.send(response)
       
       
        finally:
            new_socket.close()

            

if __name__== '__main__':
   pages()

3.1 拓展，如果服务端有error

 except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error: {e}")
        response_line = "HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Server Error\r\n"
        response_header = "Server:PWS/1.0\r\n"
        response_body = b"Internal Server Error"
        response = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_body

4.多任务运行，threading

import socket
import threading

# 解决404页面
# 解决多线程访问
def handle_client_reques(new_socket):
    recv_data = new_socket.recv(4096)

        # 判断接受的数据长度是否为0
    if len(recv_data)==0:
        new_socket.close()
        return

    # 对二进制数据进行解码
    recv_content = recv_data.decode("utf-8")
    request_list = recv_content.split(" ",maxsplit=2)
    request_path = request_list[1]
    print(request_path)
    if request_path=="/":
        request_path = "/index.html"

    try:
        with open("website"+request_path,"rb") as file:
            file_data = file.read()
        
    except Exception as e:
        with open("website/404.html","rb") as file:
            file_data = file.read()
                # 响应行
        response_line = "HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found\r\n"
        # 响应头
        response_header = "Server:PWS/1.0\r\n"
        # 空行
        # 响应体
        response_body = file_data
    
        response = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_body
        
        new_socket.send(response)
    else:
            # 把数据封装成http响应报文格式的数据
        # 响应行
        response_line = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"
        # 响应头
        response_header = "Server:PWS/1.0\r\n"
        # 空行
        # 响应体
        response_body = file_data
    
        response = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_body
        
        new_socket.send(response)
    
    
    finally:
        new_socket.close()

def pages():
    tcp_server_socket= socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) 
    # 设置端口号复用，程序退出端口号立即释放
    tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR,True)
    # 绑定端口号
    tcp_server_socket.bind(("",8000))

    tcp_server_socket.listen(128)
    #  循环等待接受客户端的连接请求
    while True:
        new_socket,ip_port = tcp_server_socket.accept()
        sub_threading = threading.Thread(target=handle_client_reques,args=(new_socket,))
        sub_threading.setDaemon(True)
        sub_threading.start()
        
       
            

if __name__== '__main__':
   pages()

5.面向对象版

import socket
import threading

class HttpWebServer(object):
    def __init__(self):
            tcp_server_socket= socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) 
            # 设置端口号复用，程序退出端口号立即释放
            tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR,True)
            # 绑定端口号
            tcp_server_socket.bind(("",8000))

            tcp_server_socket.listen(128)
            self.tcp_server_socket = tcp_server_socket

    # 解决404页面
    # 解决多线程访问
    @staticmethod
    def handle_client_reques(new_socket):
        recv_data = new_socket.recv(4096)

            # 判断接受的数据长度是否为0
        if len(recv_data)==0:
            new_socket.close()
            return

        # 对二进制数据进行解码
        recv_content = recv_data.decode("utf-8")
        request_list = recv_content.split(" ",maxsplit=2)
        request_path = request_list[1]
        print(request_path)
        if request_path=="/":
            request_path = "/index.html"

        try:
            with open("website"+request_path,"rb") as file:
                file_data = file.read()
            
        except Exception as e:
            with open("website/404.html","rb") as file:
                file_data = file.read()
                    # 响应行
            response_line = "HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found\r\n"
            # 响应头
            response_header = "Server:PWS/1.0\r\n"
            # 空行
            # 响应体
            response_body = file_data
        
            response = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_body
            
            new_socket.send(response)
        else:
                # 把数据封装成http响应报文格式的数据
            # 响应行
            response_line = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"
            # 响应头
            response_header = "Server:PWS/1.0\r\n"
            # 空行
            # 响应体
            response_body = file_data
        
            response = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_body
            
            new_socket.send(response)
        
        
        finally:
            new_socket.close()



    def start(self):
        #  循环等待接受客户端的连接请求
        while True:
            new_socket,ip_port = self.tcp_server_socket.accept()
            sub_threading = threading.Thread(target=self.handle_client_reques,args=(new_socket,))
            sub_threading.setDaemon(True)
            sub_threading.start()


def main(): 
    #  创建web服务器
     web_server = HttpWebServer()
    #  启动服务器
     web_server.start()      


                   

if __name__== '__main__':
   main()

6.命令行启动动态绑定端口号

params = sys.argv

import socket
import threading
import sys

class HttpWebServer(object):
    def __init__(self,port):
            tcp_server_socket= socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) 
            # 设置端口号复用，程序退出端口号立即释放
            tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR,True)
            # 绑定端口号
            tcp_server_socket.bind(("",port))

            tcp_server_socket.listen(128)
            self.tcp_server_socket = tcp_server_socket

    # 解决404页面
    # 解决多线程访问
    @staticmethod
    def handle_client_reques(new_socket):
        recv_data = new_socket.recv(4096)

            # 判断接受的数据长度是否为0
        if len(recv_data)==0:
            new_socket.close()
            return

        # 对二进制数据进行解码
        recv_content = recv_data.decode("utf-8")
        request_list = recv_content.split(" ",maxsplit=2)
        request_path = request_list[1]
        print(request_path)
        if request_path=="/":
            request_path = "/index.html"

        try:
            with open("website"+request_path,"rb") as file:
                file_data = file.read()
            
        except Exception as e:
            with open("website/404.html","rb") as file:
                file_data = file.read()
                    # 响应行
            response_line = "HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found\r\n"
            # 响应头
            response_header = "Server:PWS/1.0\r\n"
            # 空行
            # 响应体
            response_body = file_data
        
            response = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_body
            
            new_socket.send(response)
        else:
                # 把数据封装成http响应报文格式的数据
            # 响应行
            response_line = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"
            # 响应头
            response_header = "Server:PWS/1.0\r\n"
            # 空行
            # 响应体
            response_body = file_data
        
            response = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_body
            
            new_socket.send(response)
        
        
        finally:
            new_socket.close()



    def start(self):
        #  循环等待接受客户端的连接请求
        while True:
            new_socket,ip_port = self.tcp_server_socket.accept()
            sub_threading = threading.Thread(target=self.handle_client_reques,args=(new_socket,))
            sub_threading.setDaemon(True)
            sub_threading.start()


def main(): 
    params = sys.argv
    if len(params) !=2:
        print("请输入如下格式： python3xxx.py 8000")
        return
    if not params[1].isdigit():
        print("请输入如下格式： python3xxx.py 8000")
        return
    port = int(params[1])
     
    #  创建web服务器
    web_server = HttpWebServer(port)
    #  启动服务器
    web_server.start()      


                   

if __name__== '__main__':
   main()