关于Spark中计算圆周率Pi的理论原理——蒙特卡洛（随机试验法）

搬代码：

from __future__ import print_function
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import sys
from random import random
from operator import add

from pyspark.sql import SparkSession

##
## 蒙特卡洛计算圆周率Pi
##
## 数学原理，根据随机选择XY为-1到1的点落在半径为1的圆内的概率
## http://stackoverflow.com/questions/34892522/the-principle-of-spark-pi
##
## 在一个边长为2的正方形内画个圆，正方形的面积 S1=4，圆的半径 r=1，面积 S2=πr^2=π
## 现在只需要计算出S2就可以知道π，这里取圆心为坐标轴原点，在正方向中不断的随机选点，总共选n个点，
## 计算在圆内的点的数目为count，则 S2=S1*count/n，然后就出来了。
##
if __name__ == "__main__":
    """
        Usage: pi [partitions]
    """
    spark = SparkSession\
        .builder\
        .appName("PythonPi")\
        .getOrCreate()

    partitions = int(sys.argv[1]) if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 2
    #print(partitions)
    n = 100000 * partitions
    print(n)

    def f(_):
        x = random() * 2 - 1
        y = random() * 2 - 1
        #print(x)
        #print(y)
        return 1 if x ** 2 + y ** 2 < 1 else 0   #1在圆内，0不在圆内

    count = spark.sparkContext.parallelize(range(1, n + 1), partitions).map(f).reduce(add)
    print(count)
    print("Pi is roughly %f" % (4.0 * count / n))

    spark.stop()

原理解释：

https://www.zhihu.com/question/39665957

http://blog.csdn.net/guotong1988/article/details/50549297

https://wenku.baidu.com/view/1952074bcf84b9d528ea7a4e.html

https://www.zhihu.com/question/34319749

http://blog.csdn.net/lhkaikai/article/details/25537569

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_494e45fe0102w6dq.html