软件技术简要说明

软件技术简要说明

Source: Java how to program, 10th edition

 

 

Technology	Description
Agile software   development	Agile software development is a set of methodologies that try to get software  implemented faster and using fewer resources. Check out the Agile Alliance  (www.agilealliance.org) and the Agile Manifesto (www.agilemanifesto.org).
Refactoring	Refactoring involves reworking programs to make them  clearer and easier to maintain while preserving their correctness and  functionality. It’s widely employed with agile development methodologies.  Many IDEs contain built-in refactoring tools to do major portions of the  reworking automatically.
Design patterns	Design patterns are proven architectures for  constructing flexible and maintainable object-oriented software. The field of  design patterns tries to enumerate those recurring patterns, encouraging  software designers to reuse them to develop better-quality software using  less time, money and effort. We discuss Java design patterns in the online  Appendix N.
LAMP	LAMP is an acronym for the open-source technologies  that many developers use to build web applications—it stands for Linux,  Apache, MySQL and PHP (or Perl or Python—two other scripting languages).  MySQL is an open-source database management system. PHP is the most popular  opensource server-side “scripting” language for developing web applications.  Apache is the most popular web server software. The equivalent for Windows  development is WAMP—Windows, Apache, MySQL and PHP.
Software as a   Service (SaaS)	Software has generally been viewed as a product; most  software still is offered this way. If you want to run an application, you  buy a software package from a software vendor—often a CD, DVD or web  download.   You then install that software on your computer and run it as needed. As new  versions appear, you upgrade your software, often at considerable cost in  time and money. This process can become cumbersome for organizations   that must maintain tens of thousands of systems on a diverse array of  computer equipment. With Software as a Service (SaaS), the software runs on  servers elsewhere on the Internet. When that server is updated, all clients  worldwide see the new capabilities—no local installation is needed.   You access the service through a browser. Browsers are quite portable, so you  can run the same applications on a wide variety of computers from anywhere in  the world. Salesforce.com, Google, and Microsoft’s Office Live and Windows  Live all offer SaaS.
Platform as a   Service (PaaS)	Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a computing  platform for developing and running applications as a service over the web,  rather than installing the tools on your computer. Some PaaS providers are  Google App Engine,   Amazon EC2 and Windows Azure™.
Cloud   computing	SaaS and PaaS are examples of cloud computing. You can  use software and data stored in the “cloud”—i.e., accessed on remote  computers (or servers) via the Internet and available on demand—rather than  having it stored on   your desktop, notebook computer or mobile device. This allows you to increase  or decrease computing resources to meet your needs at any given time, which  is more cost effective than purchasing hardware to provide enough storage and  processing power to meet occasional peak demands.   Cloud computing also saves money by shifting the burden of managing these  apps to the service provider.
Software   Development   Kit (SDK)	Software Development Kits (SDKs) include the tools and  documentation developers use to program applications. For example, you’ll use  the Java Development Kit (JDK) to build and run Java applications.