资料整理——Oracle基本概念、术语(Glossary from Oracle Concepts)——第六部分

感觉Hash在数据库中是个非常重要的概念,有必要深入学习!

概念中文描述
GDS catalogGDS目录A metadata repository, located inside an Oracle database, that is associated with a GDS configuration. Every cloud has one and only one catalog.
GDS configurationGDS配置A set of databases integrated by the GDS framework into a single virtual server that offers one or more global services while ensuring high performance, availability, and optimal utilization of resources. See also global service.
GDS poolGDS池A set of databases within a GDS configuration that provides a unique set of global services and belongs to a specific administrative domain.
GDS regionGDS区域A logical boundary within a GDS configuration that contains database clients and servers that are geographically close to each other.
GDS (Global Data Services)全局数据服务An automated workload management solution for replicated databases. Database services are named representations of one or more database instances. GDS implements the Oracle Database service model across a set of replicated databases.
global partitioned index全局分区索引A B-tree index that is partitioned independently of the partitioning scheme used on the indexed table. A single index partition can point to any or all table partitions.
global service全局服务A database service provided by multiple databases synchronized through data replication.
global service manager全局服务管理程序(GSM)The central management tool in the Global Data Services framework. At least one global service manager must exist in every GDS region of a GDS configuration.
granule颗粒(并行工作基本单元)The basic unit of work in parallelism. Oracle Database divides the operation executed in parallel (for example, a table scan, table update, or index creation) into granules. Parallel execution processes execute the operation one granule at a time.
grid computing网格计算A computing architecture that coordinates large numbers of servers and storage to act as a single large computer.
grid infrastructure网格架构The software that provides the infrastructure for an enterprise grid architecture. In a cluster, this software includes Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM. For a standalone server, this software includes Oracle ASM. Oracle Database combines these products into one software installation called the Grid home.
hard parse硬解析The steps performed by the database to build a new executable version of application code. The database must perform a hard parse instead of a soft parse if the parsed representation of a submitted statement does not exist in the shared pool.
hash cluster哈希簇A type of table cluster that is similar to an indexed cluster, except the index key is replaced with a hash function. No separate cluster index exists. In a hash cluster, the data is the index.
hash collision哈希冲突Hashing multiple input values to the same output value.
hash function哈希函数A function that operates on an arbitrary-length input value and returns a fixed-length hash value.
hash join哈希连接A join in which the database uses the smaller of two tables or data sources to build a hash table in memory. The database scans the larger table, probing the hash table for the addresses of the matching rows in the smaller table.
hash key value哈希键值In a hash cluster, an actual or possible value inserted into the cluster key column. For example, if the cluster key is department_id, then hash key values could be 10, 20, 30, and so on.
hash partitioning哈希分区A partitioning strategy that maps rows to partitions based on a hashing algorithm that the database applies to the user-specified partitioning key. The destination of a row is determined by the internal hash function applied to the row by the database. The hashing algorithm is designed to distribute rows evenly across devices so that each partition contains about the same number of rows.
hash table哈希表An in-memory data structure that associates join keys with rows in a hash join. For example, in a join of the employees and departments tables, the join key might be the department ID. A hash function uses the join key to generate a hash value. This hash value is an index in an array, which is the hash table.
hash value哈希值In a hash cluster, a unique numeric ID that identifies a bucket. Oracle Database uses a hash function that accepts an infinite number of hash key values as input and sorts them into a finite number of buckets. Each hash value maps to the database block address for the block that stores the rows corresponding to the hash key value (department 10, 20, 30, and so on).
hashing哈希技术A mathematical technique in which an infinite set of input values is mapped to a finite set of output values, called hash values. Hashing is useful for rapid lookups of data in a hash table.
heap-organized table堆表A table in which the data rows are stored in no particular order on disk. By default, CREATE TABLE creates a heap-organized table.
hierarchical database层级数据库A database that organizes data in a tree structure. Each parent record has one or more child records, similar to the structure of a file system.
HWM (high water mark)高水位线The boundary between used and unused space in a segment.
hint提示指令An instruction passed to the optimizer through comments in a SQL statement. The optimizer uses hints to choose an execution plan for the statement.
hot buffer热缓存A buffer in the database buffer cache that is frequently accessed and has been recently used.
human error outage人为错误导致的中断An outage that occurs when unintentional or malicious actions are committed that cause data in the database to become logically corrupt or unusable.
image copy镜像副本A bit-for-bit, on-disk duplicate of a data file, control file, or archived redo log file. You can create image copies of physical files with operating system utilities or RMAN and use either tool to restore them.
implicit query隐式查询A component of a DML statement that retrieves data without a subquery. An UPDATE, DELETE, or MERGE statement that does not explicitly include a SELECT statement uses an implicit query to retrieve the rows to be modified.
in-doubt distributed transaction可疑分布式事务A distributed transaction in which a two-phase commit is interrupted by any type of system or network failure.
in-flight transaction正在运行中的事务A transaction that is running when an outage breaks the connection between a client application and the database.
inactive online redo log file非活动在线重做日志文件An online redo log file that is not required for instance recovery.
inconsistent backup不一致备份A backup in which some files in the backup contain changes made after the checkpoint. Unlike a consistent backup, an inconsistent backup requires media recovery to be made consistent.
incremental-forever backup strategy永久备份增量The strategy in which an initial level 0 backup is taken to the Recovery Appliance, with all subsequent incremental backups occurring at level 1. The Recovery Appliance creates a virtual full backup by combining the initial level 0 with subsequent level 1 backups.
incremental refresh增量刷新A refresh that processes only the changes to the existing data in a materialized view. This method eliminates the need for a complete refresh.
index索引Optional schema object associated with a nonclustered table, table partition, or table cluster. In some cases indexes speed data access.
index block索引数据块A special type of data block that manages space differently from table blocks.
index cluster索引簇An table cluster that uses an index to locate data. The cluster index is a B-tree index on the cluster key.
index clustering factor索引簇因子A measure of the row order in relation to an indexed value such as last name. The more order that exists in row storage for this value, the lower the clustering factor.
index-organized table索引表A table whose storage organization is a variant of a primary B-tree index. Unlike a heap-organized table, data is stored in primary key order.
在使用Python来安装geopandas包时,由于geopandas依赖于几个其他的Python库(如GDAL, Fiona, Pyproj, Shapely等),因此安装过程可能需要一些额外的步骤。以下是一个基本的安装指南,适用于大多数用户: 使用pip安装 确保Python和pip已安装: 首先,确保你的计算机上已安装了Python和pip。pip是Python的包管理工具,用于安装和管理Python包。 安装依赖库: 由于geopandas依赖于GDAL, Fiona, Pyproj, Shapely等库,你可能需要先安装这些库。通常,你可以通过pip直接安装这些库,但有时候可能需要从其他源下载预编译的二进制包(wheel文件),特别是GDAL和Fiona,因为它们可能包含一些系统级的依赖。 bash pip install GDAL Fiona Pyproj Shapely 注意:在某些系统上,直接使用pip安装GDAL和Fiona可能会遇到问题,因为它们需要编译一些C/C++代码。如果遇到问题,你可以考虑使用conda(一个Python包、依赖和环境管理器)来安装这些库,或者从Unofficial Windows Binaries for Python Extension Packages这样的网站下载预编译的wheel文件。 安装geopandas: 在安装了所有依赖库之后,你可以使用pip来安装geopandas。 bash pip install geopandas 使用conda安装 如果你正在使用conda作为你的Python包管理器,那么安装geopandas和它的依赖可能会更简单一些。 创建一个新的conda环境(可选,但推荐): bash conda create -n geoenv python=3.x anaconda conda activate geoenv 其中3.x是你希望使用的Python版本。 安装geopandas: 使用conda-forge频道来安装geopandas,因为它提供了许多地理空间相关的包。 bash conda install -c conda-forge geopandas 这条命令会自动安装geopandas及其所有依赖。 注意事项 如果你在安装过程中遇到任何问题,比如编译错误或依赖问题,请检查你的Python版本和pip/conda的版本是否是最新的,或者尝试在不同的环境中安装。 某些库(如GDAL)可能需要额外的系统级依赖,如地理空间库(如PROJ和GEOS)。这些依赖可能需要单独安装,具体取决于你的操作系统。 如果你在Windows上遇到问题,并且pip安装失败,尝试从Unofficial Windows Binaries for Python Extension Packages网站下载相应的wheel文件,并使用pip进行安装。 脚本示例 虽然你的问题主要是关于如何安装geopandas,但如果你想要一个Python脚本来重命名文件夹下的文件,在原始名字前面加上字符串"geopandas",以下是一个简单的示例: python import os # 指定文件夹路径 folder_path = 'path/to/your/folder' # 遍历文件夹中的文件 for filename in os.listdir(folder_path): # 构造原始文件路径 old_file_path = os.path.join(folder_path, filename) # 构造新文件名 new_filename = 'geopandas_' + filename # 构造新文件路径 new_file_path = os.path.join(folder_path, new_filename) # 重命名文件 os.rename(old_file_path, new_file_path) print(f'Renamed "{filename}" to "{new_filename}"') 请确保将'path/to/your/folder'替换为你想要重命名文件的实际文件夹路径。
在使用Python来安装geopandas包时,由于geopandas依赖于几个其他的Python库(如GDAL, Fiona, Pyproj, Shapely等),因此安装过程可能需要一些额外的步骤。以下是一个基本的安装指南,适用于大多数用户: 使用pip安装 确保Python和pip已安装: 首先,确保你的计算机上已安装了Python和pip。pip是Python的包管理工具,用于安装和管理Python包。 安装依赖库: 由于geopandas依赖于GDAL, Fiona, Pyproj, Shapely等库,你可能需要先安装这些库。通常,你可以通过pip直接安装这些库,但有时候可能需要从其他源下载预编译的二进制包(wheel文件),特别是GDAL和Fiona,因为它们可能包含一些系统级的依赖。 bash pip install GDAL Fiona Pyproj Shapely 注意:在某些系统上,直接使用pip安装GDAL和Fiona可能会遇到问题,因为它们需要编译一些C/C++代码。如果遇到问题,你可以考虑使用conda(一个Python包、依赖和环境管理器)来安装这些库,或者从Unofficial Windows Binaries for Python Extension Packages这样的网站下载预编译的wheel文件。 安装geopandas: 在安装了所有依赖库之后,你可以使用pip来安装geopandas。 bash pip install geopandas 使用conda安装 如果你正在使用conda作为你的Python包管理器,那么安装geopandas和它的依赖可能会更简单一些。 创建一个新的conda环境(可选,但推荐): bash conda create -n geoenv python=3.x anaconda conda activate geoenv 其中3.x是你希望使用的Python版本。 安装geopandas: 使用conda-forge频道来安装geopandas,因为它提供了许多地理空间相关的包。 bash conda install -c conda-forge geopandas 这条命令会自动安装geopandas及其所有依赖。 注意事项 如果你在安装过程中遇到任何问题,比如编译错误或依赖问题,请检查你的Python版本和pip/conda的版本是否是最新的,或者尝试在不同的环境中安装。 某些库(如GDAL)可能需要额外的系统级依赖,如地理空间库(如PROJ和GEOS)。这些依赖可能需要单独安装,具体取决于你的操作系统。 如果你在Windows上遇到问题,并且pip安装失败,尝试从Unofficial Windows Binaries for Python Extension Packages网站下载相应的wheel文件,并使用pip进行安装。 脚本示例 虽然你的问题主要是关于如何安装geopandas,但如果你想要一个Python脚本来重命名文件夹下的文件,在原始名字前面加上字符串"geopandas",以下是一个简单的示例: python import os # 指定文件夹路径 folder_path = 'path/to/your/folder' # 遍历文件夹中的文件 for filename in os.listdir(folder_path): # 构造原始文件路径 old_file_path = os.path.join(folder_path, filename) # 构造新文件名 new_filename = 'geopandas_' + filename # 构造新文件路径 new_file_path = os.path.join(folder_path, new_filename) # 重命名文件 os.rename(old_file_path, new_file_path) print(f'Renamed "{filename}" to "{new_filename}"') 请确保将'path/to/your/folder'替换为你想要重命名文件的实际文件夹路径。
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