资料整理——Oracle基本概念、术语（Glossary from Oracle Concepts）——第十三部分

“块（block）是数据存储的物理单位，也是数据文件中最基础的单位。数据直接存储在块上，块是oracle空间分配的最小单位。oracle中的块大小常见的有三种：2KB、4KB、8KB。块的大小在数据库创建时就已经固定下来，数据库中每个块的大小都是相同的，而且所有的块都有相同的格式，由“块头＋表目录＋行目录＋空闲空间＋数据空间”组成。块头包含着块类型（比如是表块、还是索引块）的信息、磁盘上块的位置等信息。表目录（table directory），如果有的话，包含着此块中存储各行的表的信息（如果一个块中存有多个表中的数据）。行目录（row directory）包含着数据行的描述信息，它是一个指针数组，指示了每一行在数据块中的物理位置。块头、表目录、行目录统称为块开销（block overhead），是oracle用来统计、管理块本身的。剩下的两部分很简单，已经存有数据的就是数据空间，暂时没存的就是空闲空间。”

row major format	行主格式	A type of table storage in which all columns of one row are stored together, followed by all columns of the next row, and so on.
row migration	行迁移	A situation in which Oracle Database moves a row from one data block to another data block because the row grows too large to fit in the original block.
row piece	行片段	A row is stored in a variable-length record. This record is divided into one or more row pieces. Each row piece has a row header and column data.
row set	行集	A set of rows returned by a step in an execution plan.
row source	行源	An iterative control structure that processes a set of rows and produces a row set.
row source generator	行源生成程序	Software that receives the optimal plan from the optimizer and outputs the execution plan for the SQL statement.
row trigger	行触发器	A trigger that fires each time the table is affected by the triggering statement. For example, if a statement updates multiple rows, then a row trigger fires once for each row affected by the UPDATE.
rowid	rowid	A globally unique address for a row in a database.
sample schemas	示例模式	A set of interlinked schemas that enable Oracle documentation and Oracle instructional materials to illustrate common database tasks.
savepoint	savepoint	A named SCN in a transaction to which the transaction can be rolled back.
scale	精度	In a floating-point number, the number of digits from the decimal point to the least significant digit. You specify a fixed-point number in the form NUMBER(p,s), where s represents the scale.
schema	模式	A named collection of database objects, including logical structures such as tables and indexes. A schema has the name of the database user who owns it.
schema object	模式对象	A logical structure of data stored in a schema. Examples of schema objects are tables, indexes, sequences, and database links.
schema object dependency	模式对象依赖	The referencing of one object by another object. For example, a view contains a query that references tables or views, or a PL/SQL subprogram invokes other subprograms.
SCN (System Change Number)	数据库变更编号	A database ordering primitive. The value of an SCN is the logical point in time at which changes are made to a database.
secondary index	二级索引	An index on an index-organized table. In a sense, it is an index on an index.
SecureFiles LOB storage	SecureFiles LOB存储	SecureFiles LOB storage is the default storage mechanism for LOBs. The SECUREFILE LOB parameter enables advanced features, including compression and deduplication (part of the Advanced Compression Option) and encryption (part of the Advanced Security Option).
security policy	安全策略	A set of methods for protecting a database from accidental or malicious destruction of data or damage to the database infrastructure.
seed PDB	种子PDB	In a multitenant container database (CDB), a default pluggable database (PDB) that the system uses as a template for user-created PDBs. The name of seed is PDB$SEED.
segment	段	A set of extents allocated for a specific database object such as a table, index, or table cluster. User segments, undo segments, and temporary segments are all types of segments.
select list	选择列表	In a SELECT statement, the list of expressions that appears after the SELECT keyword and before the FROM clause.
selectivity	选择性	A value indicating the proportion of a row set retrieved by a predicate or combination of predicates, for example, WHERE last_name = 'Smith'. A selectivity of 0 means that no rows pass the predicate test, whereas a value of 1 means that all rows pass the test. The adjective selective means roughly "choosy." Thus, a highly selective query returns a low proportion of rows (selectivity close to 0), whereas an unselective query returns a high proportion of rows (selectivity close to 1).
self join	自连接	A join of a table to itself.
self-referential integrity constraint	自引用完整性约束	A constraint in which a foreign key references a parent key in the same table. For example, a constraint could ensure that every value in the employees.manager_id column corresponds to an existing value in the employees.employee_id column.
sequence	序列	A schema object that generates a serial list of unique numbers for table columns.
serial execution	序列执行	A single server process performs all necessary processing for the sequential execution of a SQL statement.
serializability	序列化事务隔离模型	A transaction isolation model that enables a transaction to operate in an environment that makes it appear as if no other users were modifying data in the database.
serializable isolation level	序列化事务隔离级别	A level of isolation that guarantees that a transaction sees only changes committed at the time the transaction—not the query—began and changes made by the transaction itself.
server	服务器	In a client/server architecture, the computer that runs Oracle software and handles the functions required for concurrent, shared data access. The server receives and processes the SQL and PL/SQL statements that originate from client applications.
server parameter file	服务器参数文件	A server-side binary file containing initialization parameter settings that is read and written to by the database.
server process	服务器进程	An Oracle process that communicates with a client process and Oracle Database to fulfill user requests. The server processes are associated with a database instance, but are not part of the instance.
server result cache	服务器结果缓存	A memory pool within the shared pool. This memory pool consists of the SQL query result cache—which stores results of SQL queries—and the PL/SQL function result cache, which stores values returned by PL/SQL functions.
service handler	服务处理进程	In Oracle Net, a dedicated server process or dispatcher that acts as a connection point to a database.
service name	服务名	In Oracle Net, the logical representation of a service used for client connections.
service registration	服务注册	In Oracle Net, a feature by which the listener registration process (LREG) dynamically registers instance information with a listener, which enables the listener to forward client connection requests to the appropriate service handler.
SOA (service-oriented architecture)	面向服务架构	A multitier architecture relying on services that support computer-to-computer interaction over a network.
session	会话	A logical entity in the database instance memory that represents the state of a current user login to a database. A single connection can have 0, 1, or more sessions established on it.
SGA  (System global area)	系统全局区	A group of shared memory structures that contain data and control information for one Oracle database instance.
share lock	共享锁	A lock that permits the associated resource to be shared by multiple transactions, depending on the operations involved. Multiple transactions can acquire share locks on the same resource.
shared pool	共享池	Portion of the SGA that contains shared memory constructs such as shared SQL areas.