参考：http://blog.csdn.net/jnu_simba/article/details/12371127
int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol)
domain ：地址族，主要有PF_INET，PF_PACKET，PF_NETLINK等 ( /usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-30/include/linux/socket.h )
type：Socket类型，主要有SOCK_STREAM，SOCK_DGRAM和SOCK_RAW等 ( /usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-30/include/linux/net.h )
protocol：协议 ( /usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-30/include/uapi/linux/in.h )
1. socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_IP|ETH_P_ARP|ETH_P_RARP|ETH_P_ALL))
可以读写链路层Header，发送接收以太网数据帧。如实现ARP功能，hostapd等。
2. socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_TCP|IPPROTO_UDP|IPPROTO_ICMP)
可以读写IP Header，发送接收IP数据包，不能用IPPROTO_IP，因为如果是用了IPPROTO_IP，系统根本就不知道该用什么协议。如实现Ping功能。
3. socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_DGRAM, XXX)
由系统处理链路层header。
4. socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, XXX)
可以实现用户态进程与内核的异步通信。
5. socket(AF_INET, SOCK_PACKET, htons(ETH_P_IP|ETH_P_ARP|ETH_P_ALL))
过时了，不要用。
---------------------------------------
/* Supported address families. */
#define AF_UNSPEC 0
#define AF_UNIX 1 /* Unix domain sockets */
#define AF_LOCAL 1 /* POSIX name for AF_UNIX */
#define AF_INET 2 /* Internet IP Protocol */
#define AF_AX25 3 /* Amateur Radio AX.25 */
#define AF_IPX 4 /* Novell IPX */
#define AF_APPLETALK 5 /* AppleTalk DDP */
#define AF_NETROM 6 /* Amateur Radio NET/ROM */
#define AF_BRIDGE 7 /* Multiprotocol bridge */
#define AF_ATMPVC 8 /* ATM PVCs */
#define AF_X25 9 /* Reserved for X.25 project */
#define AF_INET6 10 /* IP version 6 */
#define AF_ROSE 11 /* Amateur Radio X.25 PLP */
#define AF_DECnet 12 /* Reserved for DECnet project */
#define AF_NETBEUI 13 /* Reserved for 802.2LLC project*/
#define AF_SECURITY 14 /* Security callback pseudo AF */
#define AF_KEY 15 /* PF_KEY key management API */
#define AF_NETLINK 16
#define AF_ROUTE AF_NETLINK /* Alias to emulate 4.4BSD */
#define AF_PACKET 17 /* Packet family */
#define AF_ASH 18 /* Ash */
#define AF_ECONET 19 /* Acorn Econet */
#define AF_ATMSVC 20 /* ATM SVCs */
#define AF_RDS 21 /* RDS sockets */
#define AF_SNA 22 /* Linux SNA Project (nutters!) */
#define AF_IRDA 23 /* IRDA sockets */
#define AF_PPPOX 24 /* PPPoX sockets */
#define AF_WANPIPE 25 /* Wanpipe API Sockets */
#define AF_LLC 26 /* Linux LLC */
#define AF_IB 27 /* Native InfiniBand address */
#define AF_CAN 29 /* Controller Area Network */
#define AF_TIPC 30 /* TIPC sockets */
#define AF_BLUETOOTH 31 /* Bluetooth sockets */
#define AF_IUCV 32 /* IUCV sockets */
#define AF_RXRPC 33 /* RxRPC sockets */
#define AF_ISDN 34 /* mISDN sockets */
#define AF_PHONET 35 /* Phonet sockets */
#define AF_IEEE802154 36 /* IEEE802154 sockets */
#define AF_CAIF 37 /* CAIF sockets */
#define AF_ALG 38 /* Algorithm sockets */
#define AF_NFC 39 /* NFC sockets */
#define AF_VSOCK 40 /* vSockets */
#define AF_MAX 41 /* For now.. */
/* Protocol families, same as address families. */
#define PF_UNSPEC AF_UNSPEC
#define PF_UNIX AF_UNIX
#define PF_LOCAL AF_LOCAL
#define PF_INET AF_INET
#define PF_AX25 AF_AX25
#define PF_IPX AF_IPX
#define PF_APPLETALK AF_APPLETALK
#define PF_NETROM AF_NETROM
#define PF_BRIDGE AF_BRIDGE
#define PF_ATMPVC AF_ATMPVC
#define PF_X25 AF_X25
#define PF_INET6 AF_INET6
#define PF_ROSE AF_ROSE
#define PF_DECnet AF_DECnet
#define PF_NETBEUI AF_NETBEUI
#define PF_SECURITY AF_SECURITY
#define PF_KEY AF_KEY
#define PF_NETLINK AF_NETLINK
#define PF_ROUTE AF_ROUTE
#define PF_PACKET AF_PACKET
#define PF_ASH AF_ASH
#define PF_ECONET AF_ECONET
#define PF_ATMSVC AF_ATMSVC
#define PF_RDS AF_RDS
#define PF_SNA AF_SNA
#define PF_IRDA AF_IRDA
#define PF_PPPOX AF_PPPOX
#define PF_WANPIPE AF_WANPIPE
#define PF_LLC AF_LLC
#define PF_IB AF_IB
#define PF_CAN AF_CAN
#define PF_TIPC AF_TIPC
#define PF_BLUETOOTH AF_BLUETOOTH
#define PF_IUCV AF_IUCV
#define PF_RXRPC AF_RXRPC
#define PF_ISDN AF_ISDN
#define PF_PHONET AF_PHONET
#define PF_IEEE802154 AF_IEEE802154
#define PF_CAIF AF_CAIF
#define PF_ALG AF_ALG
#define PF_NFC AF_NFC
#define PF_VSOCK AF_VSOCK
#define PF_MAX AF_MAX
---------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
/**
* enum sock_type - Socket types
* @SOCK_STREAM: stream (connection) socket
* @SOCK_DGRAM: datagram (conn.less) socket
* @SOCK_RAW: raw socket
* @SOCK_RDM: reliably-delivered message
* @SOCK_SEQPACKET: sequential packet socket
* @SOCK_DCCP: Datagram Congestion Control Protocol socket
* @SOCK_PACKET: linux specific way of getting packets at the dev level.
* For writing rarp and other similar things on the user level.
*
* When adding some new socket type please
* grep ARCH_HAS_SOCKET_TYPE include/asm-* /socket.h, at least MIPS
* overrides this enum for binary compat reasons.
*/
enum sock_type {
SOCK_STREAM = 1,
SOCK_DGRAM = 2,
SOCK_RAW = 3,
SOCK_RDM = 4,
SOCK_SEQPACKET = 5,
SOCK_DCCP = 6,
SOCK_PACKET = 10,
};
---------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
/* Standard well-defined IP protocols. */
enum {
IPPROTO_IP = 0, /* Dummy protocol for TCP */
#define IPPROTO_IP IPPROTO_IP
IPPROTO_ICMP = 1, /* Internet Control Message Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_ICMP IPPROTO_ICMP
IPPROTO_IGMP = 2, /* Internet Group Management Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_IGMP IPPROTO_IGMP
IPPROTO_IPIP = 4, /* IPIP tunnels (older KA9Q tunnels use 94) */
#define IPPROTO_IPIP IPPROTO_IPIP
IPPROTO_TCP = 6, /* Transmission Control Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_TCP IPPROTO_TCP
IPPROTO_EGP = 8, /* Exterior Gateway Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_EGP IPPROTO_EGP
IPPROTO_PUP = 12, /* PUP protocol */
#define IPPROTO_PUP IPPROTO_PUP
IPPROTO_UDP = 17, /* User Datagram Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_UDP IPPROTO_UDP
IPPROTO_IDP = 22, /* XNS IDP protocol */
#define IPPROTO_IDP IPPROTO_IDP
IPPROTO_TP = 29, /* SO Transport Protocol Class 4 */
#define IPPROTO_TP IPPROTO_TP
IPPROTO_DCCP = 33, /* Datagram Congestion Control Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_DCCP IPPROTO_DCCP
IPPROTO_IPV6 = 41, /* IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnelling */
#define IPPROTO_IPV6 IPPROTO_IPV6
IPPROTO_RSVP = 46, /* RSVP Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_RSVP IPPROTO_RSVP
IPPROTO_GRE = 47, /* Cisco GRE tunnels (rfc 1701,1702) */
#define IPPROTO_GRE IPPROTO_GRE
IPPROTO_ESP = 50, /* Encapsulation Security Payload protocol */
#define IPPROTO_ESP IPPROTO_ESP
IPPROTO_AH = 51, /* Authentication Header protocol */
#define IPPROTO_AH IPPROTO_AH
IPPROTO_MTP = 92, /* Multicast Transport Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_MTP IPPROTO_MTP
IPPROTO_BEETPH = 94, /* IP option pseudo header for BEET */
#define IPPROTO_BEETPH IPPROTO_BEETPH
IPPROTO_ENCAP = 98, /* Encapsulation Header */
#define IPPROTO_ENCAP IPPROTO_ENCAP
IPPROTO_PIM = 103, /* Protocol Independent Multicast */
#define IPPROTO_PIM IPPROTO_PIM
IPPROTO_COMP = 108, /* Compression Header Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_COMP IPPROTO_COMP
IPPROTO_SCTP = 132, /* Stream Control Transport Protocol */
#define IPPROTO_SCTP IPPROTO_SCTP
IPPROTO_UDPLITE = 136, /* UDP-Lite (RFC 3828) */
#define IPPROTO_UDPLITE IPPROTO_UDPLITE
IPPROTO_RAW = 255, /* Raw IP packets */
#define IPPROTO_RAW IPPROTO_RAW
IPPROTO_MAX
};
---------------------------------------
ARP
---------------------------------------
int arping_ip(char *ifname, unsigned int ipaddr, int timeout)
{
int optval = 1;
int s; /* socket */
int rv = -1; /* return value */
struct sockaddr addr; /* for interface name */
struct arpMsg arp;
fd_set fdset;
struct timeval tm;
time_t prevTime;
unsigned int ip;
int ifindex = 0;
unsigned char mac[6];
if (get_interface_info(ifname, &ifindex, &ip, mac) < 0) {
printf("Could not read interface %s\n", ifname);
return -1;
}
if ((s = socket (PF_PACKET, SOCK_PACKET, htons(ETH_P_ARP))) == -1) {
printf("Could not open raw socket\n");
return -1;
}
if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1) {
printf("Could not setsocketopt on raw socket\n");
close(s);
return -1;
}
/* send arp request */
memset(&arp, 0, sizeof(arp));
memcpy(arp.ethhdr.h_dest, MAC_BCAST_ADDR, 6); /* MAC DA */
memcpy(arp.ethhdr.h_source, mac, 6); /* MAC SA */
arp.ethhdr.h_proto = htons(ETH_P_ARP); /* protocol type (Ethernet) */
arp.htype = htons(ARPHRD_ETHER); /* hardware type */
arp.ptype = htons(ETH_P_IP); /* protocol type (ARP message) */
arp.hlen = 6; /* hardware address length */
arp.plen = 4; /* protocol address length */
arp.operation = htons(ARPOP_REQUEST); /* ARP op code */
*((u_int *) arp.sInaddr) = ip; /* source IP address */
memcpy(arp.sHaddr, mac, 6); /* source hardware address */
*((u_int *) arp.tInaddr) = ipaddr; /* target IP address */
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
strcpy(addr.sa_data, ifname);
if (sendto(s, &arp, sizeof(arp), 0, &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0)
rv = -1;
/* wait arp reply, and check it */
tm.tv_usec = 0;
time(&prevTime);
while (timeout > 0) {
FD_ZERO(&fdset);
FD_SET(s, &fdset);
tm.tv_sec = timeout;
if (select(s + 1, &fdset, (fd_set *) NULL, (fd_set *) NULL, &tm) < 0) {
printf("Error on ARPING request: %s\n", strerror(errno));
if (errno != EINTR)
rv = -1;
} else if (FD_ISSET(s, &fdset)) {
if (recv(s, &arp, sizeof(arp), 0) < 0 )
rv = -1;
if (arp.operation == htons(ARPOP_REPLY) &&
bcmp(arp.tHaddr, mac, 6) == 0 &&
*((u_int *) arp.sInaddr) == ipaddr)
{
printf("Valid arp reply receved for this address\n");
rv = 0;
break;
}
}
timeout -= time(NULL) - prevTime;
time(&prevTime);
}
close(s);
printf("%s arp replies for this address\n", rv ? "No valid" : "Valid");
return rv;
}
---------------------------------------
net_link.c
----------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <net/sock.h>
#include <net/netlink.h>
#define NETLINK_TEST 21
struct sock *nl_sk = NULL;
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nl_sk);
void nl_data_ready (struct sk_buff *__skb)
{
struct sk_buff *skb;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
u32 pid;
int rc;
int len = NLMSG_SPACE(1200);
char str[100];
printk("net_link: data is ready to read.\n");
skb = skb_get(__skb);
if (skb->len >= NLMSG_SPACE(0)) {
nlh = nlmsg_hdr(skb);
printk("net_link: recv %s.\n", (char *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh));
memcpy(str,NLMSG_DATA(nlh), sizeof(str));
pid = nlh->nlmsg_pid; /*pid of sending process */
printk("net_link: pid is %d\n", pid);
kfree_skb(skb);
skb = alloc_skb(len, GFP_ATOMIC);
if (!skb){
printk(KERN_ERR "net_link: allocate failed.\n");
return;
}
nlh = nlmsg_put(skb,0,0,0,1200,0);
NETLINK_CB(skb).pid = 0; /* from kernel */
memcpy(NLMSG_DATA(nlh), str, sizeof(str));
printk("net_link: going to send.\n");
rc = netlink_unicast(nl_sk, skb, pid, MSG_DONTWAIT);
if (rc < 0) {
printk(KERN_ERR "net_link: can not unicast skb (%d)\n", rc);
}
printk("net_link: send is ok.\n");
}
return;
}
static int test_netlink(void) {
nl_sk = netlink_kernel_create(&init_net, NETLINK_TEST, 0, nl_data_ready, NULL, THIS_MODULE);
if (!nl_sk) {
printk(KERN_ERR "net_link: Cannot create netlink socket.\n");
return -EIO;
}
printk("net_link: create socket ok.\n");
return 0;
}
int init_module()
{
test_netlink();
return 0;
}
void cleanup_module( )
{
if (nl_sk != NULL){
sock_release(nl_sk->sk_socket);
}
printk("net_link: remove ok.\n");
}
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("kidoln");
----------------------------------------------------------------------
sender.c
----------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <asm/types.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <linux/socket.h>
#define MAX_PAYLOAD 1024 /* maximum payload size*/
struct sockaddr_nl src_addr, dest_addr;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL;
struct iovec iov;
int sock_fd;
struct msghdr msg;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
sock_fd = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, 21);
memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
memset(&src_addr, 0, sizeof(src_addr));
src_addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
src_addr.nl_pid = getpid(); /* self pid */
src_addr.nl_groups = 0; /* not in mcast groups */
bind(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&src_addr, sizeof(src_addr));
memset(&dest_addr, 0, sizeof(dest_addr));
dest_addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
dest_addr.nl_pid = 0; /* For Linux Kernel */
dest_addr.nl_groups = 0; /* unicast */
nlh=(struct nlmsghdr *)malloc(NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PAYLOAD));
/* Fill the netlink message header */
nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PAYLOAD);
nlh->nlmsg_pid = getpid(); /* self pid */
nlh->nlmsg_flags = 0;
/* Fill in the netlink message payload */
strcpy(NLMSG_DATA(nlh), "Hello you!");
iov.iov_base = (void *)nlh;
iov.iov_len = nlh->nlmsg_len;
msg.msg_name = (void *)&dest_addr;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr);
msg.msg_iov = &iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
printf(" Sending message. ...\n");
sendmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0);
/* Read message from kernel */
memset(nlh, 0, NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PAYLOAD));
printf(" Waiting message. ...\n");
recvmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0);
printf(" Received message payload: %s\n",NLMSG_DATA(nlh));
/* Close Netlink Socket */
close(sock_fd);
}
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Makefile
----------------------------------------------------------------------
MODULE_NAME :=net_link
obj-m :=$(MODULE_NAME).o
KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD := $(shell pwd)
all:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD)
gcc -o sender sender.c
clean:
rm -fr *.ko *.o *.cmd sender $(MODULE_NAME).mod.c
----------------------------------------------------------------------
2万+
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
