Java多线程

本篇介绍Java多线程。能够并发执行任务。但要注意的是线程创建太多，会导致CPU 花费在上下文的切换的时间将多于执行程序的时间。程序执行效率反而降低。

创建线程方式有以下3种

1.通过实现Runnable接口创建线程；

2.通过继承Thread类创建线程；

3.通过 Callable 和 Future 创建线程；

package com.example.javatest;

/**
 * Author:W
 * 通过实现Runnable接口来实现
 */
public class Thread1 implements Runnable {
    private  Thread  thread;
    private  String  threadName;

    public Thread1(String threadName)
    {
        this.threadName = threadName;
        System.out.println("线程"+threadName+" ：创建成功！");
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("线程"+threadName+" ：正在运行。。。");
        try
        {
            for (int i=0;i<3;i++)
            {
                System.out.println("线程"+threadName+" 正在运行。。。打印："+ i);
                Thread.sleep(50);
            }
        }catch (InterruptedException e)
        {
            System.out.println("线程" +  threadName + " 异常中断");
        }

        System.out.println("线程" +  threadName + " ：结束退出");
    }

    //线程开始
    public void start()
    {
        System.out.println("线程"+threadName+" ：开始");
        if (thread == null)
        {
            thread = new Thread(this,threadName);
            thread.start();
        }
    }
}

package com.example.javatest;

/**
 * Author:W
 * 通过继承Thread类创建线程
 */
public class Thread2 extends Thread {
    public  Thread thread;
    public  String threadName;

    public  Thread2(String threadName)
    {
        this.threadName = threadName;
        System.out.println("线程"+threadName+" ：创建成功！");
    }

    //线程开始执行
    public  void  run()
    {
        System.out.println("线程"+threadName+" ：正在运行。。。");
        try
        {
            for (int i=0;i<2;i++)
            {
                System.out.println("线程"+threadName+" 正在运行。。。打印："+ i);
                Thread.sleep(50);
            }
        }catch (InterruptedException e)
        {
            System.out.println("线程" +  threadName + " 异常中断");
        }

        System.out.println("线程" +  threadName + " ：结束退出");
    }

    //线程开始
    public void start()
    {
        System.out.println("线程"+threadName+" ：开始");
        if (thread == null)
        {
            thread = new Thread(this,threadName);
            thread.start();
        }
    }
}

package com.example.javatest;

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

/**
 * Author:W
 * 通过 Callable 和 Future 创建线程
 */
public class Thread3 implements Callable<Integer> {
    public  Thread thread;
    public  String threadName;

    public  Thread3(String threadName)
    {
        this.threadName = threadName;
        System.out.println("线程"+threadName+" ：创建成功！");
    }

    @Override
    public Integer call() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("线程"+threadName+" ：正在运行。。。");
        int a = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<5;i++)
        {
            a = i;
            System.out.println("线程"+threadName+" 正在执行。。。打印："+i);
        }

        System.out.println("线程" +  threadName + " ：结束退出");
        return a;
    }

    public void start()
    {
        FutureTask<Integer>  futureTask = new FutureTask<Integer>(this);
        if (thread == null)
        {
            thread = new Thread(futureTask,threadName);
            thread.start();
        }

        try
        {
            System.out.println("线程"+threadName+"执行任务完成返回值："+ futureTask.get());
        }catch (InterruptedException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }catch (ExecutionException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

线程测试脚本

package com.example.javatest;//包名定义

/**
 * Author:W
 * 多线程创建使用:并发执行任务。注意：线程创建太多，会导致CPU 花费在上下文
 * 的切换的时间将多于执行程序的时间。程序执行效率反而降低。
 * 1.通过实现Runnable接口创建线程
 * 2.通过继承Thread类创建线程
 * 3.通过 Callable 和 Future 创建线程
 */
public class MainTest{

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
          System.out.println("===1.通过实现Runnable接口创建线程===");
          Thread1  thread1 = new Thread1("Runnable");
          thread1.start();

          System.out.println("===2.通过继承Thread类创建线程===");
          Thread2  thread2 = new Thread2("Thread");
          thread2.start();

          System.out.println("===3.通过 Callable 和 Future 创建线程===");
          Thread3  thread3 = new Thread3("Callable");
          thread3.start();
    }

}

运行结果如下：