部署MySQL数据库(Linux)
MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统,常用于LAMP和LNMP等网站场景中。本教程介绍如何在Linux系统ECS实例上安装、配置以及远程访问MySQL数据库。
背景信息
本教程中的MySQL版本仅为示例,您在实际操作时,MySQL的版本可能因软件源的更新而有所不同。关于MySQL相关安装路径说明如下:
- 配置文件:/etc/my.cnf
- 数据存储:/var/lib/mysql
- 命令文件:/usr/bin和/usr/sbin
步骤一:安装MySQL
- 运行以下命令,更新YUM源。
sudo rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
- 运行以下命令,安装MySQL。
sudo yum -y install mysql-community-server --enablerepo=mysql80-community --nogpgcheck
- 运行以下命令,查看MySQL版本号。
mysql -V
- 返回结果如下,表示MySQL安装成功。
mysql Ver 8.0.33 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
步骤二:配置MySQL
- 运行以下命令,启动并设置开机自启动MySQL服务。
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld
- 运行以下命令,获取并记录root用户的初始密码。
sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
- 执行命令结果示例如下。
2022-02-14T09:27:18.470008Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: r_V&f2wyu_vI
示例末尾的r_V&f2wyu_vI为初始密码,后续在对MySQL进行安全性配置时,需要使用该初始密码。
- 运行以下命令,对MySQL进行安全性配置。
sudo mysql_secure_installation
- 根据提示信息,重置MySQL数据库root用户的密码。
Enter password for user root: #输入已获取的root用户初始密码
The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
New password: #输入新的MySQL密码
Re-enter new password: #重复输入新的MySQL密码
The 'validate_password' component is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration
of the component.
Using existing password for root.
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y选择更新MySQL密码。您也可以输入N不再更新MySQL密码。
New password: #输入新的MySQL密码
Re-enter new password: #重复输入新的MySQL密码
Estimated strength of the password: 100
Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y确认使用已设置的密码。
- 根据提示信息,删除匿名用户。
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y删除MySQL默认的匿名用户。
Success.
- 禁止root账号远程登录。
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y禁止root远程登录。
Success.
- 删除test库以及对test库的访问权限。
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y删除test库以及对test库的访问权限。
- Dropping test database...
Success.
- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
- 重新加载授权表。
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y重新加载授权表。
Success.
All done!
步骤三:远程访问MySQL数据库
建议您使用非root账号远程登录MySQL数据库。下文示例中,将创建新的MySQL用户账户,用于远程访问MySQL。
- 运行以下命令后,输入root用户的密码登录MySQL。
sudo mysql -uroot -p
- 依次运行以下命令,创建远程登录MySQL的账号,并允许远程主机使用该账号访问MySQL。
本示例账号为dmsTest、密码为Ecs@123****。
#创建数据库用户dmsTest,并授予远程连接权限。
create user 'dmsTest'@'%' identified by 'Ecs@123****';
#为dmsTest用户授权数据库所有权限。
grant all privileges on *.* to 'dmsTest'@'%';
#刷新权限。
flush privileges;
- 执行以下命令,退出数据库。
exit
您可以通过MySQL客户端远程登录MySQL进行测试。例如:MySQL Workbench、Navicat,至此已结束MySQL安装