rac 中scan vip 是如何做到负载均衡的

  scan,single client access name。简单客户端连接名，这是一个唯一的名称，在整个公司网络内部唯一，并且在DNS中可以解析为三个ip地址，客户端连接的时候只需要知道这个名称，并连接即可。下面是我rac 环境中的hosts 。

[oracle@vmac2 admin]$ more /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               rac1.localdomain rac1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1             localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6

192.168.1.181   vmac1   vmac1.oracle.com
192.168.1.182   vmac1-vip

192.168.1.183   vmac2   vmac2.oracle.com
192.168.1.184   vmac2-vip


192.168.1.186   vmac-cluster vmac-cluster-scan


172.168.1.18   vmac1-priv
172.168.1.19   vmac2-priv

查看监听，LISTENER_SCAN1 运行在节点二 上。

[oracle@vmac2 admin]$ ps -ef | grep tns
grid     15031     1  0 11:24 ?        00:00:00 /g01/11ggrid/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
grid     15845     1  0 11:51 ?        00:00:00 /g01/11ggrid/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_SCAN1 -inherit
oracle   16730 10626  0 12:50 pts/10   00:00:00 grep tns
[oracle@vmac2 admin]$ 

remote_listener 指向 scan 名字。

SQL> show parameter remote_listener                                 

NAME                                 TYPE
------------------------------------ ---------------------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
remote_listener                      string
vmac-cluster-scan:1521

每个SCAN VIP对应一个scan listener，cluster内部的service在每个scan listener上都有注册，scan listener接受客户端的请求，并foward到不同的Local listener中去，最终还是由local 的listener提供服务给客户端。这才是scan vip 能起到负载均衡的真正原因（必须用grid 用户执行）

[grid@vmac2 ~]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER_SCAN1

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 18-7月 -2016 12:13:15

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER_SCAN1
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                18-7月 -2016 11:51:47
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 21 min. 27 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /g01/11ggrid/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /g01/11ggrid/app/11.2.0/grid/log/diag/tnslsnr/vmac2/listener_scan1/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.186)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "orcl2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "orcl2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

使用scan vip 时，LOAD_BLANCE参数没有什么意思，LOAD_BLANCE 值为NO 或OFF ，都能负载均衡

hlb =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (LOAD_BALANCE = ON)
    (FAILOVER = ON)
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = vmac-cluster)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
        (FAILOVER_MODE=(TYPE=SESSION)(METHOD=BASIC)(RETRIES = 4)(DELAY = 1))
    )
  )

为了避免单点故障，我们最多可以将scan name 指向 3 个IP .