C++常用运算符重载

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-04 11:53:10 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-02-04 11:53:10 发布

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转自Tanswer_

重载运算符的规则：

1):并不是所有运算符都可以重载。例如长度运算符(sizeof)、条件运算符(: ?)、成员选择符(.)、对象选择符(.*)、域解析符(::)不能被重载。
2):重载不能改变运算符的优先级和结合性。
3):重载不会改变运算符的用法。例如"+"号总是出现在两个操作数之间。
4):重载运算符的函数不能有默认的参数，否则就改变了运算符操作数的个数，显然是错误的。

下面的代码定义了一个复数类，通过运算符重载，用”+”号实现了复数的加法。

<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*************************************************************************
    > File Name: 运算符重载.cpp
    > Author: Tanswer_
    > Mail: 98duxm@gmail.com
    > Created Time: 2016年10月15日 星期六 19时49分34秒
 ************************************************************************/</span>

<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <iostream></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <string></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <algorithm></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <vector></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <set></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <cstring></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <cmath></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <cstdio></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stack></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <queue></span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">using</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">namespace</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">std</span>;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> Complex
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span>:
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> real;    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//实部</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> imag;    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//虚部</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span>:
    Complex(): real(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.0</span>),imag(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.0</span>) {}
    Complex(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> a,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> b):real(a),imag(b) {}

    Complex <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span> +(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & A) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span>; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//类内声明+重载</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> display() <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span>;
};

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*运算符重载*/</span>
Complex Complex::<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>+(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & A) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span>
{
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*简单的写法*/</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> Complex(real+A.real,imag+A.imag);
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*一般写法*/</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*Complex B;
    B.real = A.real + real;
    B.imag = A.imag + imag;
    return B;
    */</span>
};



<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> Complex::display() <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> 
{
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span> << real << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"+"</span> << imag << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"i"</span> << endl;
};

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> main()
{
    Complex a(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1.1</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.2</span>);
    Complex b(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3.3</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4.4</span>);

    Complex c;
    c = b + a;
    c.display();
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; 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position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; 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当执行c=a+b时，编译器检测到”+”号左边(左结合性)是一个Complex类对象时，就会调用该运算符重载函数，该语句被转换为：a.operator+(b)。

用全局函数重载运算符

运算符重载函数既可以声明为类的成员函数，也可以声明为所有类之外的全局函数。

声明为类的成员函数

此时二元运算符只有一个，一元运算符不需要参数。之所以少一个参数，是因为这个参数是隐含的，正如上面解释的，当执行c=a+b时，编译器检测到”+”号左边(左结合性)是一个Complex类对象时，就会调用该运算符重载函数，该语句被转换为：a.operator+(b)。通过this指针隐式的访问a的成员变量。

声明为类之外的全局函数

将运算符重载函数声明为全局函数时，二元操作符就需要两个参数，一元操作符需要一个参数，而且其中必须有一个参数是对象，好让编译器区分这是程序员自定义的运算符，防止程序员修改用于内置类型的运算符的性质。
下面我们通过这种方法，实现复数的加减乘除。

<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*************************************************************************
    > File Name: 运算符重载.cpp
    > Author: Tanswer_
    > Mail: 98duxm@gmail.com
    > Created Time: 2016年10月15日 星期六 20时58分34秒
 ************************************************************************/</span>

<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <iostream></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <string></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <algorithm></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <vector></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <set></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <cstring></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <cmath></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <cstdio></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stack></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <queue></span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">using</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">namespace</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">std</span>;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> Complex
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span>:
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> real;    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//实部</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> imag;    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//虚部</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span>:
    Complex(): real(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.0</span>),imag(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.0</span>) {}
    Complex(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> a,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> b):real(a),imag(b) {}


    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">friend</span> Complex <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>*(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & A,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & B);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">friend</span> Complex <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>/(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & A,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & B);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">friend</span> Complex <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>+(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & A,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & B);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">friend</span> Complex <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>-(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & A,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & B);

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> display() <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span>;
};

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* + 运算符重载*/</span>
Complex <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>+(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & A,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & B) 
{
    Complex C;
    C.real = A.real + B.real;
    C.imag = A.imag + B.imag;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> C;
};

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* - 运算符重载*/</span>
Complex <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>-(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & A,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & B)
{
    Complex C;
    C.real = A.real - B.real;
    C.imag = A.imag - B.imag;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> C;
};

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* * 运算符重载*/</span>
Complex <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>*(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & A,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & B)
{
    Complex C;
    C.real = A.real * B.real - A.imag * B.imag;
    C.imag = A.imag * B.real + A.real * B.imag;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> C;
};

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* / 运算符重载*/</span>
Complex <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>/(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & A,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & B)
{
    Complex C;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> square = A.real*A.real + A.imag*A.imag;
    C.real = (A.real * B.real + A.imag * B.imag)/square;
    C.imag = (A.imag * B.real - A.real * B.imag)/square;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> C;
};

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> Complex::display() <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> 
{
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span> << real << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"+"</span> << imag << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"i"</span> << endl;
};

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> main()
{
    Complex a(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1.1</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.2</span>);
    Complex b(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3.3</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4.4</span>);

    Complex c;

    c = a + b; 
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span> << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"a+b= "</span>;
    c.display();


    c = a - b;
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span> << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"a-b= "</span>;
    c.display();

    c = a*b;
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span> << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"a*b= "</span>;
    c.display();

    c = a/b;
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span> << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"a/b= "</span>;
    c.display();

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">69</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">70</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">71</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">72</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">73</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">74</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">75</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">76</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">77</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">78</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">79</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">80</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">81</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">82</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">83</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">84</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">85</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">86</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">87</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">88</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">89</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">90</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">91</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">92</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">93</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">94</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">95</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">96</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">97</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">98</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">99</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">100</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">101</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">102</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">103</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">104</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">105</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">69</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">70</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">71</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">72</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">73</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">74</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">75</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">76</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">77</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">78</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">79</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">80</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">81</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">82</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">83</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">84</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">85</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">86</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">87</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">88</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">89</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">90</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">91</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">92</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">93</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">94</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">95</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">96</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">97</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">98</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">99</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">100</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">101</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">102</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">103</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">104</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">105</li></ul>

输出结果：

a+b= 4.4 + 6.6i
a-b= -2.2 + -2.2i
a*b= -6.05 + 12.1i
a/b= 2.2 + 0.4i

两点说明：
1. 因为要用到类Complex的私有对象，所以将这几个全局函数声明为类的友元函数。
2. 指针操作符(->)、下标操作符([])、函数调用操作符(())、赋值操作符(=)只能以成员函数的形式重载。

重载<<和>>(输入和输出)
C++系统已经对”<<”和”>>”进行了重载，但是只能用于输入输出内置的数据类型。如果我们自己定义了一种新的数据类型，需要用输入输出去处理，那么就要重载。

下面我们用全局函数的形式重载输入运算符，使它读入两个double类型的数据，并转换为一个复数，保存到复数对象中。

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">istream & <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>>>(istream &<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span>, Complex &A)
{
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span> >> A.real >> A.imag;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span>;
};</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

istream是输入流，cin就是istream类的对象。我们还是把它声明为类的友元函数：friend istream & operator>>(istream &in,Complex &A);

在重载输入运算符时，采用引用的方式进行参数传递：输入的参数里面包含一个 istream 类的引用，返回值仍然为该引用。这样做的一个明显好处就是可以采用链式输入（也就是连续输入），如下所示：

complex a, b, c;
cin>> a >> b >> c;

同样的，和输入类似，我们重载输出运算符，使其能够输出复数。

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">ostream & <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span><<(ostream & <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>,Complex &A)
{
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span> << A.real << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">" + "</span> << A.imag << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"i"</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>;
};</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

这样我们就能实现对类的对象直接输入输出操作了。

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <iostream></span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">using</span> namespace std;

class Complex
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span>:
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> real;    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//实部</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> imag;    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//虚部</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span>:
    <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Complex</span>(): <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">real</span>(0.0),<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">imag</span>(0.0) {}
    Complex(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> a,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> b):real(a),imag(b) {}

    friend Complex <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span> +(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & A,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex &B);
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*输入输出运算符重载的声明*/</span>
    friend istream & <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>>>(istream &<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span>,Complex &A);
    friend ostream & <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span><<(ostream &<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>,Complex &A);

    friend Complex <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>+(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & A,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & B);
    friend Complex <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>-(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & A,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & B);
};

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* + 运算符重载*/</span>
Complex <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>+(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & A,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & B) 
{
    Complex C;
    C.real = A.real + B.real;
    C.imag = A.imag + B.imag;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> C;
};

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/* - 运算符重载*/</span>
Complex <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>-(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & A,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Complex & B)
{
    Complex C;
    C.real = A.real - B.real;
    C.imag = A.imag - B.imag;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> C;
};

istream & <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>>>(istream &<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span>, Complex &A)
{
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span> >> A.real >> A.imag;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">in</span>;
};

ostream & <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span><<(ostream & <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>,Complex &A)
{
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span> << A.real << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">" + "</span> << A.imag << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"i"</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>;
};

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> main()
{
    Complex a,b,c;
    cin >> a >> b;

    c = b + a;
    cout << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"a+b= "</span> << c << endl;

    c = a - b;
    cout << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"a-b= "</span> << c << endl;

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li></ul>

我们输入

1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4

输出：

a+b= 4.4 + 6.6i
a-b= -2.2 + -2.2i

重载[]　(下标运算符)

默认情况下使用下标运算符并不具备检查边界溢出功能，我们可以通过重载实现此功能。

<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*************************************************************************
    > File Name: 下标运算符重载.cpp
    > Author: Tanswer_
    > Mail: 98duxm@gmail.com
    > Created Time: 2016年10月16日 星期日 14时41分56秒
 ************************************************************************/</span>

<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <iostream></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <string></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <algorithm></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <vector></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <set></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <cstring></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <cmath></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <cstdio></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stack></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <queue></span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">using</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">namespace</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">std</span>;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> Array
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span>:
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> length;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> *num;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span>:
    Array():length(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>),num(NULL) {}
    Array(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> n);

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> getLength() <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> length; }
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> & <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>[](<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> & <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>[](<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span>;

};

Array::Array(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> n)
{
    num = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>[n];
    length = n;
};

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*这个能够修改对象*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> & Array::<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>[](<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i)
{
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(i >= length || i < <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">throw</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">string</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"out of bounds!"</span>);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> num[i];
};

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*常量成员函数，这个只能访问对象，不能修改*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> & Array::<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>[](<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span>
{
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(i >= length || i < <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">throw</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">string</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"out of bounds!"</span>);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> num[i];
};

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> main()
{
    Array a(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">try</span>{
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span>(i=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; i<a.getLength(); i++)
            a[i] = i;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span>(i=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; i<<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>; i++)
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span> << a[i] << endl;
    }<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">catch</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">string</span> s){
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cerr</span> << s << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">",i= "</span> << i << endl;
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">69</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">70</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">71</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">69</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">70</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">71</li></ul>

输出结果：

0
1
2
3
4
out of bounds!,i= 5

上面用到了string以及C++的异常处理，有疑问的可以跳过，重点是数组越界后产生异常了。a[5]会被转换为a.operator[](5)

重载=(赋值运算符)

对象之间也可以相互赋值，对象之间的赋值是将成员变量依次拷贝，而不是将整个对象的内存按位拷贝。一般情况下，默认的”=”就能满足我们的需求，但是当一个类中包含指针类型的成员变量时，可能会带来问题。

我们看下面的例子：

<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*************************************************************************
    > File Name: 重载赋值运算符.cpp
    > Author: Tanswer_
    > Mail: 98duxm@gmail.com
    > Created Time: 2016年10月20日 星期四 13时19分03秒
 ************************************************************************/</span>

<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <iostream></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <string></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <algorithm></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <vector></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <set></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <cstring></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <cmath></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <cstdio></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stack></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <queue></span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">using</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">namespace</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">std</span>;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> Book
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span>:
    Book():price(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.0</span>),bookmark(NULL),num(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>) {}
    Book(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> *,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> setbookmark(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>);  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//修改书签</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> display(); 

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span>:
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> price;   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//书的价格</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> *bookmark;  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//书签</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> num;        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//书签的数量</span>
};

Book::Book(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> price,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> *bm,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> num):price(price),num(num)
{
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//对象有自己的数组，</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//在其他地方修改实参所指向的数组不会影响该数组</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> *bmtemp = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>[num];
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; i<num; i++)
        bmtemp[i] = bm[i];

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span> -> bookmark = bmtemp;
}

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> Book::setbookmark(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> page,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> index)
{
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(index >= num-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span> << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"out of bound!"</span> << endl;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span>
        bookmark[index] = page;
}

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> Book::display()
{
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span> << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"price:"</span> << price <<endl;
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span> << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"bookmarks: "</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; i<num; i++)
    {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(i == num-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span> << bookmark[i] << endl;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span>
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span> << bookmark[i] << <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">","</span>;
    }
}

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> main()
{
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> bookmark[] = { <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">49</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">56</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">290</span> };
    Book java,cpp(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">68.5</span>,bookmark,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>);
    cpp.display();

    java = cpp; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//对象之间赋值</span>
    java.setbookmark(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>);
    cpp.display();

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">69</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">70</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">71</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">72</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">73</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">74</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">75</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">76</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">77</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">69</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">70</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">71</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">72</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">73</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">74</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">75</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">76</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">77</li></ul>

运行结果：

price:68.5
bookmarks: 1,49,56,290
price:68.5
bookmarks: 1,49,100,290

两次调用 display() 的结果不同表明，调用 Java 对象的 setBookmark( ) 函数影响到了 cpp 对象。
上面程序中，当执行赋值语句时，将cpp.bookmark的值赋给java.bookmark，不同的对象的成员变量指向同一个数组，所以会相互影响。

要解决这个问题，我们就需要重载赋值运算符。

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">
Book & Book::<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">operator</span>=(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">const</span> Book & b)
{
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span> != &b)
    {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span> -> price = b.price;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span> -> num = b.num;

        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//为bookmark赋值</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> *bmtemp = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>[num];
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; i<num; i++)
            bmtemp[i] = b.bookmark[i];

        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span> -> bookmark = bmtemp;
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> *<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li></ul>

把重载函数放入Book类中，再执行赋值语句，会转换为 java.operator=(cpp) 。在函数体中，this 就指向 java 对象。这样 java 对象也会拥有属于自己的数组，两个对象之间不会再相会影响。

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C++常用运算符重载

转自Tanswer_重载运算符的规则：1):并不是所有运算符都可以重载。例如长度运算符(sizeof)、条件运算符(: ?)、成员选择符(.)、对象选择符(.*)、域解析符(::)不能被重载。2):重载不能改变运算符的优先级和结合性。3):重载不会改变运算符的用法。例如"+"号总是出现在两个操作数之间。4):重载运算符的函数不能有默认的参数，否则就改变了运算符操作数的个数，显然是
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