gtest框架的使用

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-26 16:08:01 发布

huguangshanse00

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-26 16:08:01 发布

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分类专栏：自动化测试文章标签： gtest

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很早就接触了google C/C++自动化测试框架gtest, 现在偶然用起有时候还需要简单温习下步骤。今天在这里做下简单使用记录。

1. 使用版本

gtest-1.7.0

2. gtest 安装

./configure

make

3. 测试自带的用例

gtest工具自带的测试用例放在了目录samples下

[wln@localhost gtest-1.7.0]$ cd samples/
[wln@localhost samples]$ ll
总计 148
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wln wln 887 09-25 16:57 libsamples.la
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 4072 2013-09-19 prime_tables.h
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 5053 2013-09-19 sample10_unittest.cc
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 2502 2013-09-19 sample1.cc
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 1937 2013-09-19 sample1.h
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wln wln 303 09-25 16:57 sample1.lo
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wln wln 3004 09-25 16:57 sample1.o
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 5129 2013-09-19 sample1_unittest.cc
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 2298 2013-09-19 sample2.cc
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 3006 2013-09-19 sample2.h
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wln wln 303 09-25 16:57 sample2.lo
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wln wln 4236 09-25 16:57 sample2.o
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 3926 2013-09-19 sample2_unittest.cc
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 5365 2013-09-19 sample3-inl.h
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 5351 2013-09-19 sample3_unittest.cc
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 1927 2013-09-19 sample4.cc
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 2083 2013-09-19 sample4.h
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wln wln 303 09-25 16:57 sample4.lo
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wln wln 5028 09-25 16:57 sample4.o
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 1909 2013-09-19 sample4_unittest.cc
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 6590 2013-09-19 sample5_unittest.cc
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 8989 2013-09-19 sample6_unittest.cc
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 5099 2013-09-19 sample7_unittest.cc
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 6944 2013-09-19 sample8_unittest.cc
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 5951 2013-09-19 sample9_unittest.cc

进入make目录下

[wln@localhost make]$ ll
总计 4
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 2753 2013-09-19 Makefile

执行操作
[wln@localhost make]$ make
g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c ../samples/sample1.cc
g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c ../samples/sample1_unittest.cc
g++ -isystem ../include -I.. -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c \
../src/gtest-all.cc
In file included from ../src/gtest-all.cc:43:
../src/gtest.cc:370: 警告：成员‘testing::internal::MutexBase::owner_’缺少初始值设定
g++ -isystem ../include -I.. -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c \
../src/gtest_main.cc
ar rv gtest_main.a gtest-all.o gtest_main.o
ar: creating gtest_main.a
a - gtest-all.o
a - gtest_main.o
g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -lpthread sample1.o sample1_unittest.o gtest_main.a -o sample1_unittest
[wln@localhost make]$ ll
总计 5192
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wln wln 1797004 09-25 16:57 gtest-all.o
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wln wln 1951104 09-25 16:57 gtest_main.a
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wln wln 48284 09-25 16:57 gtest_main.o
-r--r--r-- 1 wln wln 2753 2013-09-19 Makefile
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wln wln 2684 09-25 16:57 sample1.o
-rwxrwxr-x 1 wln wln 1289739 09-25 16:57 sample1_unittest
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wln wln 197680 09-25 16:57 sample1_unittest.o

进行测试
[wln@localhost make]$ ./sample1_unittest
Running main() from gtest_main.cc
[==========] Running 6 tests from 2 test cases.
[----------] Global test environment set-up.
[----------] 3 tests from FactorialTest
[ RUN ] FactorialTest.Negative
[ OK ] FactorialTest.Negative (0 ms)
[ RUN ] FactorialTest.Zero
[ OK ] FactorialTest.Zero (0 ms)
[ RUN ] FactorialTest.Positive
[ OK ] FactorialTest.Positive (0 ms)
[----------] 3 tests from FactorialTest (0 ms total)

[----------] 3 tests from IsPrimeTest
[ RUN ] IsPrimeTest.Negative
[ OK ] IsPrimeTest.Negative (0 ms)
[ RUN ] IsPrimeTest.Trivial
[ OK ] IsPrimeTest.Trivial (0 ms)
[ RUN ] IsPrimeTest.Positive
[ OK ] IsPrimeTest.Positive (0 ms)
[----------] 3 tests from IsPrimeTest (0 ms total)

[----------] Global test environment tear-down
[==========] 6 tests from 2 test cases ran. (1 ms total)
[ PASSED ] 6 tests.

ok, 测试自带用例完毕，具体测试内容请参考sample1.cc，sample1.h，sample1_unittest.cc

4. 手动编写测试用例

首先需要知道gtest测试框架所自带的函数等内容应该怎么使用，比如EXPECT_EQ()，单元测试用例名称TEST(fun1,fun1_test) 其中TEST是格式写法，fun1可以称为单元测试用例标识符，fun1_test则为要测试的函数名称。具体内容自行查看。

文件fun.h

#ifndef __FUN_H
#define __FUN_H
int fun_test(char *buf);
int add(int a, int b);
#endif

文件fun.cc

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "fun.h"
int fun_test(char *buf)
{
    if(buf == NULL)
    {
        printf("error occur.\n");
        abort();
    }
    printf("%s\n",buf);
    return strlen(buf);
}

int add(int a, int b)
{
    return a+b;
}

文件fun_unittest.cc

#include "fun.h"
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
TEST(fun,fun_test)
{
    //fun_test(NULL);
    fun_test("hello world");
}


TEST(fun3,add)
{
    EXPECT_EQ(2,add(1,2));
    
}

5. 手动编译测试

fun.o文件：

[wln@localhost samples]$ gcc -c fun.h fun.cc

可执行文件 fun_unittest

[wln@localhost samples]$ g++ -g -Wall -o fun_unittest fun.o fun_unittest.cc ../make/gtest_main.a -I/home/wln/gtest/gtest-1.7.0/include -lpthread
fun_unittest.cc: In member function ‘virtual void fun_fun_test_Test::TestBody()’:
fun_unittest.cc:6: 警告：不建议使用从字符串常量到‘char*’的转换
[wln@localhost samples]$ ll
总计 1876
-rw-r--r-- 1 wln wln 278 09-25 17:12 fun.cc
-rw-r--r-- 1 wln wln 87 09-25 17:19 fun.h
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wln wln 635112 09-25 17:23 fun.h.gch
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wln wln 1220 09-25 17:23 fun.o
-rwxrwxr-x 1 wln wln 1256752 09-25 17:26 fun_unittest
-rw-r--r-- 1 wln wln 170 09-25 17:13 fun_unittest.cc
[wln@localhost samples]$ ./fun_unittest
Running main() from gtest_main.cc
[==========] Running 2 tests from 2 test cases.
[----------] Global test environment set-up.
[----------] 1 test from fun
[ RUN ] fun.fun_test
hello world
[ OK ] fun.fun_test (0 ms)
[----------] 1 test from fun (1 ms total)

[----------] 1 test from fun3
[ RUN ] fun3.add
fun_unittest.cc:12: Failure
Value of: add(1,2)
Actual: 3
Expected: 2
[ FAILED ] fun3.add (0 ms)
[----------] 1 test from fun3 (0 ms total)

[----------] Global test environment tear-down
[==========] 2 tests from 2 test cases ran. (1 ms total)
[ PASSED ] 1 test.
[ FAILED ] 1 test, listed below:
[ FAILED ] fun3.add

1 FAILED TEST

6. 利用Makefile

Makefile文件

# A sample Makefile for building Google Test and using it in user
# tests.  Please tweak it to suit your environment and project.  You
# may want to move it to your project's root directory.
#
# SYNOPSIS:
#
#   make [all]  - makes everything.
#   make TARGET - makes the given target.
#   make clean  - removes all files generated by make.

# Please tweak the following variable definitions as needed by your
# project, except GTEST_HEADERS, which you can use in your own targets
# but shouldn't modify.

# Points to the root of Google Test, relative to where this file is.
# Remember to tweak this if you move this file.
GTEST_DIR = ..

# Where to find user code.
USER_DIR = ../samples

# Flags passed to the preprocessor.
# Set Google Test's header directory as a system directory, such that
# the compiler doesn't generate warnings in Google Test headers.
CPPFLAGS += -isystem $(GTEST_DIR)/include

# Flags passed to the C++ compiler.
CXXFLAGS += -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread

# All tests produced by this Makefile.  Remember to add new tests you
# created to the list.
TESTS = fun_unittest

# All Google Test headers.  Usually you shouldn't change this
# definition.
GTEST_HEADERS = $(GTEST_DIR)/include/gtest/*.h \
                $(GTEST_DIR)/include/gtest/internal/*.h

# House-keeping build targets.

all : $(TESTS)

clean :
        rm -f $(TESTS) gtest.a gtest_main.a *.o

# Builds gtest.a and gtest_main.a.

# Usually you shouldn't tweak such internal variables, indicated by a
# trailing _.
GTEST_SRCS_ = $(GTEST_DIR)/src/*.cc $(GTEST_DIR)/src/*.h $(GTEST_HEADERS)

# For simplicity and to avoid depending on Google Test's
# implementation details, the dependencies specified below are
# conservative and not optimized.  This is fine as Google Test
# compiles fast and for ordinary users its source rarely changes.
gtest-all.o : $(GTEST_SRCS_)
        $(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) -I$(GTEST_DIR) $(CXXFLAGS) -c \
            $(GTEST_DIR)/src/gtest-all.cc

gtest_main.o : $(GTEST_SRCS_)
        $(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) -I$(GTEST_DIR) $(CXXFLAGS) -c \
            $(GTEST_DIR)/src/gtest_main.cc

gtest.a : gtest-all.o
        $(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $^

gtest_main.a : gtest-all.o gtest_main.o
        $(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $^

# Builds a sample test.  A test should link with either gtest.a or
# gtest_main.a, depending on whether it defines its own main()
# function.

fun.o : $(USER_DIR)/fun.cc $(USER_DIR)/fun.h $(GTEST_HEADERS)
        $(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $(USER_DIR)/fun.cc


fun_unittest.o : $(USER_DIR)/fun_unittest.cc  \
                     $(USER_DIR)/fun.h $(GTEST_HEADERS)
        $(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $(USER_DIR)/fun_unittest.cc

fun_unittest : fun.o fun_unittest.o gtest_main.a
        $(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -lpthread $^ -o $@

执行测试

[wln@localhost make]$ make
g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c ../samples/fun.cc
g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c ../samples/fun_unittest.cc
../samples/fun_unittest.cc: In member function ‘virtual void fun_fun_test_Test::TestBody()’:
../samples/fun_unittest.cc:6: 警告：不建议使用从字符串常量到‘char*’的转换
g++ -isystem ../include -I.. -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c \
../src/gtest-all.cc
In file included from ../src/gtest-all.cc:43:
../src/gtest.cc:370: 警告：成员‘testing::internal::MutexBase::owner_’缺少初始值设定
g++ -isystem ../include -I.. -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c \
../src/gtest_main.cc
ar rv gtest_main.a gtest-all.o gtest_main.o
ar: creating gtest_main.a
a - gtest-all.o
a - gtest_main.o
g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -lpthread fun.o fun_unittest.o gtest_main.a -o fun_unittest

[wln@localhost make]$ ./fun_unittest
Running main() from gtest_main.cc
[==========] Running 2 tests from 2 test cases.
[----------] Global test environment set-up.
[----------] 1 test from fun
[ RUN ] fun.fun_test
hello world
[ OK ] fun.fun_test (0 ms)
[----------] 1 test from fun (0 ms total)

[----------] 1 test from fun3
[ RUN ] fun3.add
../samples/fun_unittest.cc:12: Failure
Value of: add(1,2)
Actual: 3
Expected: 2
[ FAILED ] fun3.add (0 ms)
[----------] 1 test from fun3 (0 ms total)

[----------] Global test environment tear-down
[==========] 2 tests from 2 test cases ran. (0 ms total)
[ PASSED ] 1 test.
[ FAILED ] 1 test, listed below:
[ FAILED ] fun3.add

1 FAILED TEST