Jms基础知识整理

什么是消息
消息是一个用于在组件和应用程序之间通讯的的方法。消息之间的传递是点对点的。任何终端之间都可以相互接受和发送消息。并且每个终端都必须遵守如下的规则
-> 创建消息 -> 发送消息 -> 接收消息 -> 读取消息

为什么要使用消息
理由很简单，消息是一个分布式的低耦合通讯方案。A发送一个消息到一个agent ,B作为接受者去agent上获取消息。但是A,B不需要同时到agent上去注册。agent作为一个中转为A,B提供搞效率的通讯服务。

开发者的关注点
走到这里，我也不想去解释jms spec上那些抽象且复杂的概念了，说的很白，1年多了我自己也没弄懂是个什么东西，也没时间从头到尾去仔细的看，同时我认为没必要，我所关注的是如何让jms跑起来，并且工作正常，所以spec只是个字典，当我需要用的时候才去查。

开发者的jms环境
遵守简单明了的原则，所谓jms环境只是2个对象
1> ConnectionFactory
2> Destination
通常Provider会提供JNDI的对象获取，具体方法可以去Privider的网站上搜索jndi support

下面我以jbossMq为介质跑一个简单的jms，为了保证jms的本质清晰，我没有使用jbossMq的Api，而是直接调用的jms Api.

java 代码

package com.javaeye.jms.jboss;

import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
import javax.jms.Queue;
import javax.jms.QueueSender;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;

public class JbossNativeJmsImpl {

/**
* @author zuly
*
* following jms ptp domain, use an simple text message to test
*
* A jms ptp sender will following the steps below!
* 1> get an ConnectionFactory use JNDI Lookup Or Initial it yourself
* 2> use this ConnectionFactory to start a jms connection

* [spec to jms 1.1 apito get the main idea of it ]
* 3> use connection to create a jms session
* 4> get a queue destination / messege agent
* 5> start the Producer[jms1.1 spec] by a session
* 6> get messege Object or initial it yourself by implements the messegeor

* it's sub interfaces
* 7> call sender or send it selfing
* 8> finallized the connection object or it will throw a warning to you!
*
* @param messege
* @throws NamingException
* @throws JMSException
*/
public void sendingProcessing(String messege) throws NamingException, JMSException{
Context ctx = new InitialContext();
ConnectionFactory cf = (ConnectionFactory) ctx.lookup("java:JmsXA");
Connection conn = cf.createConnection();
Session session = conn.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
Destination dest = (Queue) ctx.lookup("queue/A");
MessageProducer msgp = session.createProducer(dest);
QueueSender sender = (QueueSender) msgp;
TextMessage msg = session.createTextMessage();
msg.setText(messege);
sender.send(msg);
conn.close();
}



/**
* @author zuly
*
* following jms ptp domain, use an simple text message to test
*
* A jms ptp retriver will following the steps below!
* 1> get an ConnectionFactory use JNDI Lookup Or Initial it yourself
* 2> use this ConnectionFactory to start a jms connection
* [spec to jms 1.1 api to get the main idea of it ]
* 3> use connection to create a jms session
* 4> get a queue destination / messege agent
* 5> retrive a consumer from session
* 6> start the jms connection to retrivte the message
* 7> get message from consumer
*
* @return textMessege
* @throws NamingException
* @throws JMSException
*/
public String retriveingProcessing() throws NamingException, JMSException{
Context ctx = new InitialContext();
ConnectionFactory cf = (ConnectionFactory) ctx.lookup("java:JmsXA");
Connection conn = cf.createConnection();
Session session = conn.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
Destination dest = (Queue) ctx.lookup("queue/A");
MessageConsumer msgconsumer = session.createConsumer(dest);
//MessageListener ml = new JmsListenner();
//msgconsumer.setMessageListener(ml);
conn.start();
TextMessage msg = (TextMessage) msgconsumer.receive();
conn.close();
System.out.println("messege is" + msg.getText());
return msg.getText();
}
}


注意retrive函数中comment的掉的两行，消息Listener的作用是实现异步通讯，但是它有一个约定，必须和发送者
保持物理上的分离，针对于jboss而言，就要求这个Listener必须跑在容器外面。这是一个很搞的问题，每天Jms的邮件列表里面都有无数的这样的问题发过来。但是回复的人很少。我自己也从来不回复。 其实我也不清楚写这篇文章到底是出于什么目的，怕只是让这么一个简单的问题有一个回答而已。

把下面这个程序跑起来就可以异步接受消息了。


java 代码

package com.javaeye.jms.jboss;

import java.util.Properties;

import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;

import com.javaeye.spring.services.jms.mdp.JmsListenner;

public class JbossJmsAsync {

/**
* @param args
* @throws NamingException
* @throws JMSException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws NamingException, JMSException {
Properties pops = new Properties();
pops.setProperty("jboss.bind.address", "0.0.0.0");
pops.setProperty("java.naming.factory.initial", "org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContextFactory");
pops.setProperty("java.naming.factory.url.pkgs", "org.jboss.naming:org.jnp.interfaces");
pops.setProperty("java.naming.provider.url", "localhost");
Context ctx = new InitialContext(pops);
ConnectionFactory cf = (ConnectionFactory) ctx.lookup("ConnectionFactory");
Connection conn = cf.createConnection();
Session session = conn.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
Destination dest = (Destination) ctx.lookup("queue/A");
MessageConsumer msgConsumer = session.createConsumer(dest);
MessageListener ml = new JmsListenner();
msgConsumer.setMessageListener(ml);
conn.start();
}

}


javaeye的主题好像是spring，为了迎合领导，下面我把这套东西跑在spring里面。同时我发现spring对jms的包装真的简单，而且还提供了一个模版，虽然这个模版的接口是在是很罗唆。

ps:今天是第1次用spring在reference里找了半天找不到方法注入的办法，于是google了一个注入办法，不合理的地方请大家指出。首先我通过方法来注入ConnectionFactory和Destination这两个对象来支撑jms环境


java 代码

package com.javaeye.spring.services.jms.mdp;

import java.util.Properties;

import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.Queue;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;

public class UserJmsTransactionUtil {

private String connectionFactoryJndiLookUp;

private String destinationJndiLookUp;

private String localConnectionFactoryJndiLookUp;

private String containerType;


public String getConnectionFactoryJndiLookUp() {
return connectionFactoryJndiLookUp;
}



public void setConnectionFactoryJndiLookUp(String connectionFactoryJndiLookUp) {
this.connectionFactoryJndiLookUp = connectionFactoryJndiLookUp;
}



public String getDestinationJndiLookUp() {
return destinationJndiLookUp;
}



public void setDestinationJndiLookUp(String destinationJndiLookUp) {
this.destinationJndiLookUp = destinationJndiLookUp;
}



public ConnectionFactory getConnectionFactory() throws NamingException{
Context ctx = new InitialContext();
ConnectionFactory cf = (ConnectionFactory) ctx.lookup(connectionFactoryJndiLookUp);
return cf;
}


public Destination getJmsDestination() throws NamingException{
Context ctx = new InitialContext();
Destination dest = (Queue) ctx.lookup(destinationJndiLookUp);
return dest;
}


public ConnectionFactory getQueueConnectionFactory() throws NamingException{
Properties pops = new Properties();
pops.setProperty("jboss.bind.address", "0.0.0.0");
pops.setProperty("java.naming.factory.initial", "org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContextFactory");
pops.setProperty("java.naming.factory.url.pkgs", "org.jboss.naming:org.jnp.interfaces");
pops.setProperty("java.naming.provider.url", "localhost");
Context ctx = new InitialContext(pops);
ConnectionFactory cf = (ConnectionFactory) ctx.lookup(localConnectionFactoryJndiLookUp);
return cf;
}


public Destination getLocalJmsDestination() throws NamingException{
Properties pops = new Properties();
pops.setProperty("jboss.bind.address", "0.0.0.0");
pops.setProperty("java.naming.factory.initial", "org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContextFactory");
pops.setProperty("java.naming.factory.url.pkgs", "org.jboss.naming:org.jnp.interfaces");
pops.setProperty("java.naming.provider.url", "localhost");
Context ctx = new InitialContext(pops);
Destination dest = (Destination) ctx.lookup(destinationJndiLookUp);
return dest;
}



public String getLocalConnectionFactoryJndiLookUp() {
return localConnectionFactoryJndiLookUp;
}



public void setLocalConnectionFactoryJndiLookUp(
String localConnectionFactoryJndiLookUp) {
this.localConnectionFactoryJndiLookUp = localConnectionFactoryJndiLookUp;
}
}


发送端的配置如下


xml 代码

<beans>
<bean id="userJmsUtil" class="com.javaeye.spring.services.jms.mdp.UserJmsTransactionUtil">
<property name="connectionFactoryJndiLookUp" value="java:JmsXA">property>
<property name="destinationJndiLookUp" value="queue/A">property>
<property name="localConnectionFactoryJndiLookUp" value="ConnectionFactory">property>
bean>

<bean id="connectionFactory" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.MethodInvokingFactoryBean">
<property name="targetObject" ref="userJmsUtil">property>
<property name="targetMethod" value="getConnectionFactory">property>
bean>

<bean id="queue" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.MethodInvokingFactoryBean">
<property name="targetObject" ref="userJmsUtil">property>
<property name="targetMethod" value="getJmsDestination">property>
bean>

<bean id="jmsQueue" class="org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate">
<property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory">property>
<property name="defaultDestination" ref="queue">property>
<property name="messageConverter">
<bean class="org.springframework.jms.support.converter.SimpleMessageConverter">bean>
property>
bean>
beans>

ps:javaeye的模版工具bug还真多,不管了.

如果使用Listenner的化,一样需要遵守发送者和接收者物理隔离的原则,我的做法是把发送者配到一个xml中,在把接受者配到另外一个xml中去,发送的配置绑定到容器里,接收者的跑在本地.否则spring初始化是过不去的.

下面这个程序是发送消息的程序.使用了spring的模版,发条消息比new个对象还简单.同时spring还提供了适配器的接口,一样通过声明式的配置,这样可以在同一个接口里发送各种类型的消息了.同时支持事务,我还不知道这个有什么用呵呵,第1次使用嘛!但是就使用上来说,spring是最简单的.2者都只需要注入一个对象而已.


java 代码

@Test public void send(){
ApplicationContext ac = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("jms.xml");
BeanFactory bf = ac;
JmsTemplate jt = (JmsTemplate) bf.getBean("jmsQueue");
jt.convertAndSend("2132134");
}


接收端的配置如下

xml 代码

xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
>
<beans>

<bean id="listenner" class="com.javaeye.spring.services.jms.mdp.JmsListenner">bean>

<bean id="userJmsUtil" class="com.javaeye.spring.services.jms.mdp.UserJmsTransactionUtil">
<property name="connectionFactoryJndiLookUp" value="java:JmsXA">property>
<property name="destinationJndiLookUp" value="queue/A">property>
<property name="localConnectionFactoryJndiLookUp" value="ConnectionFactory">property>
bean>

<bean id="localConnectionFactory" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.MethodInvokingFactoryBean">
<property name="targetObject" ref="userJmsUtil">property>
<property name="targetMethod" value="getQueueConnectionFactory">property>
bean>

<bean id="localDestination" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.MethodInvokingFactoryBean">
<property name="targetObject" ref="userJmsUtil">property>
<property name="targetMethod" value="getLocalJmsDestination">property>
bean>

<bean id="listenerContainer" class="org.springframework.jms.listener.DefaultMessageListenerContainer">
<property name="concurrentConsumers" value="5">property>
<property name="connectionFactory" ref="localConnectionFactory">property>
<property name="destination" ref="localDestination">property>
<property name="messageListener" ref="listenner">property>
bean>
beans>


接收端由于需要从jbossmq里取ConnectionFactory和Destination,所以,我调用的是userJmsUtil的localLookup.这个函数的作用等同于发送者的那个函数,只不过前者是容器外获取,而后者是容器内的而已.


java 代码

package com.javaeye.spring.services.jms.mdp;

import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;

public class JmsListenner implements MessageListener {

public void onMessage(Message message) {
try {
TextMessage msg = (TextMessage) message;
System.out.println(msg.getText());
} catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
}

}


spring对jms的整合里提到了一个jms provider ActiveMQ,要用一个开源框架要做的第一件事就是先跑一个demo起来,同样,我们要做的事还是获取ConnectionFactory和Destination对象,还好,ActiveMQ的JNDI实现比jbossMQ还要简单,直接通过一个本地的Context就可以查到了,具体的可以参照ActiveMQ官方的支持文档.