linux添加虚拟ip（手动vip和keepalived方式）

1，手动添加vip

1,ifconfig查看当前活动网卡。如：eth0

2,执行

ifconfig eth0:0 166.111.69.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

进行vip添加

3，执行ifconfig查看是否生效

4，测试 ping 166.111.69.100

5,写在/etc/rc.local里进行开机自动设置

2，第三方工具keepalived增加vip

1，下载与安装

下载：http://download.csdn.net/detail/u014749692/8396867

安装：

tar xf keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz           
cd keepalived-1.2.12
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
make &&  make install
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
mkdir /etc/keepalived
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

2，配置：

vim 

/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 如下：

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
     notification_email {
     saltstack@163.com
   }
   notification_email_from dba@dbserver.com
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id MySQL-HA
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth1
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 150
    advert_int 1
    nopreempt

    authentication {
    auth_type PASS
    auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.0.88
    }
}

红色区域为需要修改的地方：
notification_email :变更后通知的email
notification_email_from :发送email
router_id MySQL-HA :路由器组id，局域网中需要共享该vip的服务器，该配置要一致。
state BACKUP：在keepalived中2种模式，分别是master->backup模式和backup->backup模式。这两种模式有很大区别。在master->backup模式下，一旦主库宕机，虚拟ip会自动漂移到从库，当主库修复后，keepalived启动后，还会把虚拟ip抢占过来，即使设置了非抢占模式（nopreempt）抢占ip的动作也会发生。在backup->backup模式下，当主库宕机后虚拟ip会自动漂移到从库上，当原主库恢复和keepalived服务启动后，并不会抢占新主的虚拟ip，即使是优先级高于从库的优先级别，也不会发生抢占。
interface eth1:具体网卡，通过ifconfig确认具体网卡。
priority 150:表示设置的优先级为150
nopreempt:非抢占模式
启动：
/etc/init.d/keepalived start ; tail -f /var/log/messages
显示如下表示成功：
Starting keepalived:                                       [  OK  ]
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_vrrp[9472]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_vrrp[9472]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_vrrp[9472]: Configuration is using : 62976 Bytes
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_vrrp[9472]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_vrrp[9472]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_vrrp[9472]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(3), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)]
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.80.138 added
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.0.60 added
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::20c:29ff:fe9d:6a9e added
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::20c:29ff:fe9d:6aa8 added
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Configuration is using : 7231 Bytes
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 kernel: IPVS: Registered protocols (TCP, UDP, AH, ESP)
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 kernel: IPVS: Connection hash table configured (size=4096, memory=64Kbytes)
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 kernel: IPVS: ipvs loaded.
Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
测试：
1，ping命令测试。
2，一台服务器停止keepalived服务进行ip漂移测试。
如果失败，请考虑防火墙原因，参考url： http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20794884-id-5704461.html