python创建型设计模式学习
抽象工厂模式
抽象工厂模式用来创建复杂对象,这种对象由许多小对象组成,而这些小对象都属于某个特定的系列。例如GUI系统里面的“抽象控件工厂”
用字符串GUI的文本格式和svg格式的抽象工厂来说明
经典风格的抽象工厂模式
顶层调用
def main():
...
txtDiagram = create_diagram(DiagramFactory())
txtDiagram.save(textFilename)
print("wrote", textFilename)
svgDiagram = create_diagram(SvgDiagramFactory())
svgDiagram.save(svgFilename)
print("wrote", svgFilename)
中间调用
def create_diagram(factory):
diagram = factory.make_diagram(30, 7)
rectangle = factory.make_rectangle(4, 1, 22, 5, "yellow")
text = factory.make_text(7, 3, "Abstract Factory")
diagram.add(rectangle)
diagram.add(text)
return diagram
经典工厂类
存在的问题:
这两个工厂没有各自的状态,不需要创建工厂实例
两个工厂类的代码几乎一模一样,产生很多无谓的重复代码
class DiagramFactory:
def make_diagram(self, width, height):
return Diagram(width, height)
def make_rectangle(self, x, y, width, height, fill="white",
stroke="black"):
return Rectangle(x, y, width, height, fill, stroke)
def make_text(self, x, y, text, fontsize=12):
return Text(x, y, text, fontsize)
class SvgDiagramFactory(DiagramFactory):
def make_diagram(self, width, height):
return SvgDiagram(width, height)
def make_rectangle(self, x, y, width, height, fill="white",
stroke="black"):
return SvgRectangle(x, y, width, height, fill, stroke)
def make_text(self, x, y, text, fontsize=12):
return SvgText(x, y, text, fontsize)
经典模型类:
存在的问题:DiagramFactory、Diagram、Rectangle、Text都房主扩了顶级命名空间,导致取名时为了区别,增加前缀,使代码不够整洁。
BLANK = " "
CORNER = "+"
HORIZONTAL = "-"
VERTICAL = "|"
class Diagram:
def __init__(self, width, height):
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.diagram = _create_rectangle(self.width, self.height, BLANK)
def add(self, component):
for y, row in enumerate(component.rows):
for x, char in enumerate(row):
self.diagram[y + component.y][x + component.x] = char
def save(self, filenameOrFile):
file = None if isinstance(filenameOrFile, str) else filenameOrFile
try:
if file is None:
file = open(filenameOrFile, "w", encoding="utf-8")
for row in self.diagram:
print("".join(row), file=file)
finally:
if isinstance(filenameOrFile, str) and file is not None:
file.close()
def _create_rectangle(width, height, fill):
rows = [[fill for _ in range(width)] for _ in range(height)]
for x in range(1, width - 1):
rows[0][x] = HORIZONTAL
rows[height - 1][x] = HORIZONTAL
for y in range(1, height - 1):
rows[y][0] = VERTICAL
rows[y][width - 1] = VERTICAL
for y, x in ((0, 0), (0, width - 1), (height - 1, 0),
(height - 1, width -1)):
rows[y][x] = CORNER
return rows
class Rectangle:
def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, fill, stroke):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.rows = _create_rectangle(width, height,
BLANK if fill == "white" else "%")
class Text:
def __init__(self, x, y, text, fontsize):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.rows = [list(text)]
SVG_START = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 20010904//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/DTD/svg10.dtd">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xml:space="preserve"
width="{pxwidth}px" height="{pxheight}px">"""
SVG_END = "</svg>\n"
SVG_RECTANGLE = """<rect x="{x}" y="{y}" width="{width}" \
height="{height}" fill="{fill}" stroke="{stroke}"/>"""
SVG_TEXT = """<text x="{x}" y="{y}" text-anchor="left" \
font-family="sans-serif" font-size="{fontsize}">{text}</text>"""
SVG_SCALE = 20
class SvgDiagram:
def __init__(self, width, height):
pxwidth = width * SVG_SCALE
pxheight = height * SVG_SCALE
self.diagram = [SVG_START.format(**locals())]
outline = SvgRectangle(0, 0, width, height, "lightgreen", "black")
self.diagram.append(outline.svg)
def add(self, component):
self.diagram.append(component.svg)
def save(self, filenameOrFile):
file = None if isinstance(filenameOrFile, str) else filenameOrFile
try:
if file is None:
file = open(filenameOrFile, "w", encoding="utf-8")
file.write("\n".join(self.diagram))
file.write("\n" + SVG_END)
finally:
if isinstance(filenameOrFile, str) and file is not None:
file.close()
class SvgRectangle:
def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, fill, stroke):
x *= SVG_SCALE
y *= SVG_SCALE
width *= SVG_SCALE
height *= SVG_SCALE
self.svg = SVG_RECTANGLE.format(**locals())
class SvgText:
def __init__(self, x, y, text, fontsize):
x *= SVG_SCALE
y *= SVG_SCALE
fontsize *= SVG_SCALE // 10
self.svg = SVG_TEXT.format(**locals())
python风格抽象工厂模式
改进:
将Diagram Text Rectangle等类以及相关常量嵌套到工厂类里面,用 xxxFactory.Text来引用。
用装饰器来修饰工厂类方法,使代码那不重复
class DiagramFactory:
@classmethod
def make_diagram(Class, width, height):
return Class.Diagram(width, height)
@classmethod
def make_rectangle(Class, x, y, width, height, fill="white",
stroke="black"):
return Class.Rectangle(x, y, width, height, fill, stroke)
@classmethod
def make_text(Class, x, y, text, fontsize=12):
return Class.Text(x, y, text, fontsize)
BLANK = " "
CORNER = "+"
HORIZONTAL = "-"
VERTICAL = "|"
class Diagram:
def __init__(self, width, height):
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.diagram = DiagramFactory._create_rectangle(self.width,
self.height, DiagramFactory.BLANK)
def add(self, component):
for y, row in enumerate(component.rows):
for x, char in enumerate(row):
self.diagram[y + component.y][x + component.x] = char
def save(self, filenameOrFile):
file = (None if isinstance(filenameOrFile, str) else
filenameOrFile)
try:
if file is None:
file = open(filenameOrFile, "w", encoding="utf-8")
for row in self.diagram:
print("".join(row), file=file)
finally:
if isinstance(filenameOrFile, str) and file is not None:
file.close()
class Rectangle:
def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, fill, stroke):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.rows = DiagramFactory._create_rectangle(width, height,
DiagramFactory.BLANK if fill == "white" else "%")
class Text:
def __init__(self, x, y, text, fontsize):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.rows = [list(text)]
def _create_rectangle(width, height, fill):
rows = [[fill for _ in range(width)] for _ in range(height)]
for x in range(1, width - 1):
rows[0][x] = DiagramFactory.HORIZONTAL
rows[height - 1][x] = DiagramFactory.HORIZONTAL
for y in range(1, height - 1):
rows[y][0] = DiagramFactory.VERTICAL
rows[y][width - 1] = DiagramFactory.VERTICAL
for y, x in ((0, 0), (0, width - 1), (height - 1, 0),
(height - 1, width -1)):
rows[y][x] = DiagramFactory.CORNER
return rows
class SvgDiagramFactory(DiagramFactory):
# The make_* class methods are inherited
SVG_START = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 20010904//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/DTD/svg10.dtd">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xml:space="preserve"
width="{pxwidth}px" height="{pxheight}px">"""
SVG_END = "</svg>\n"
SVG_RECTANGLE = """<rect x="{x}" y="{y}" width="{width}" \
height="{height}" fill="{fill}" stroke="{stroke}"/>"""
SVG_TEXT = """<text x="{x}" y="{y}" text-anchor="left" \
font-family="sans-serif" font-size="{fontsize}">{text}</text>"""
SVG_SCALE = 20
class Diagram:
def __init__(self, width, height):
pxwidth = width * SvgDiagramFactory.SVG_SCALE
pxheight = height * SvgDiagramFactory.SVG_SCALE
self.diagram = [SvgDiagramFactory.SVG_START.format(**locals())]
outline = SvgDiagramFactory.Rectangle(0, 0, width, height,
"lightgreen", "black")
self.diagram.append(outline.svg)
def add(self, component):
self.diagram.append(component.svg)
def save(self, filenameOrFile):
file = (None if isinstance(filenameOrFile, str) else
filenameOrFile)
try:
if file is None:
file = open(filenameOrFile, "w", encoding="utf-8")
file.write("\n".join(self.diagram))
file.write("\n" + SvgDiagramFactory.SVG_END)
finally:
if isinstance(filenameOrFile, str) and file is not None:
file.close()
class Rectangle:
def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, fill, stroke):
x *= SvgDiagramFactory.SVG_SCALE
y *= SvgDiagramFactory.SVG_SCALE
width *= SvgDiagramFactory.SVG_SCALE
height *= SvgDiagramFactory.SVG_SCALE
self.svg = SvgDiagramFactory.SVG_RECTANGLE.format(**locals())
class Text:
def __init__(self, x, y, text, fontsize):
x *= SvgDiagramFactory.SVG_SCALE
y *= SvgDiagramFactory.SVG_SCALE
fontsize *= SvgDiagramFactory.SVG_SCALE // 10
self.svg = SvgDiagramFactory.SVG_TEXT.format(**locals())
补充知识点:
locals()函数:
http://www.cnblogs.com/nerrissa/articles/4699483.htmlstr.format(**locals()):
https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/344727191.html
format()只会取local()中用得的关键字参数enumerate()函数的用法:
http://blog.csdn.net/churximi/article/details/51648388类方法 静态方法 实例方法 普通函数 区别与关系:
http://www.cnblogs.com/funfunny/p/5892212.html