ansible-playbook从入门到提高(一)

ansible的setup模块

setup模块用于收集远程主机的一些基本信息，这个很有用，以后会有很多task要根据主机的信息（如CPU厂商、操作系统版本）来进行相应操作。

# 通过ansible setup模块查看主机的信息
ansible localhost -m setup
ansible localhost -m setup -a "filter=ansible_processor"

ansible-playbook样例

这个样例中的ansible_lsb, ansible_processor都在上述setup模块的结果中.
vim install_myapp.yml编辑playbook文件, 内容如下:

---
- hosts: "{{ group }}"
  tasks:
    - name: "register var hostname_result as the rusult of command 'hostname'"
      shell: "hostname"
      register: hostname_result

    - name: "set_fact ansible_lsb"
      set_fact:
        os_id: "{{ ansible_lsb.get('id') }}"
        os_release: "{{ ansible_lsb.get('release') }}"
        # On MacOS, ansible_lsb is a empty dict, this way can't work: os_release: "{{ ansible_lsb['release'] }}"

    - name: "set_fact cpu_vendor"
      set_fact:
        cpu_vendor: "amd"
      when: "'AuthenticAMD' in ansible_processor"

    - name: "set_fact cpu_vendor"
      set_fact:
        cpu_vendor: "intel"
      when: "'GenuineIntel' in ansible_processor"

    - name: "Downloading the app"
      get_url:
        url: "http://10.1.1.100/dl/{{ os_id }}/{{ os_release }}/{{ cpu_vendor }}/myapp/{{ app_version }}/myapp"
        dest: /usr/local/bin/myapp_{{ app_version }}
        mode: 0755
      tags: dl_myapp

    - name: "Show debug msg"
      debug:
        msg: "{{ hostname_result.stdout }}: {{ cpu_vendor }}"

    - name: "Show debug msg"
      debug:
        msg: "OS info: {{ os_id }} {{ os_release }}"

执行ansible-playbook
注: 加上-C参数检测playbook时, 部分set_fact可能会被跳过,导致执行失败.:

# 运行如下命令查看结果
ansible-playbook install_myapp.yml -e group=localhost --skip-tags=dl_myapp

变量定义与使用

变量定义方式1: register

定义一个变量, 其值是shell命令的结果

    - name: "register var hostname_result as the rusult of command 'hostname'"
      shell: "hostname"
      register: hostname_result

变量定义方式2: set_fact

定义一个变量, 其值是通过其它变量计算而来

    - name: "set_fact ansible_lsb"
      set_fact:
        os_id: "{{ ansible_lsb.get('id') }}"
        os_release: "{{ ansible_lsb.get('release') }}"
        # On MacOS, ansible_lsb is a empty dict, this way can't work: os_release: "{{ ansible_lsb['release'] }}"

    - name: "set_fact cpu_vendor"
      set_fact:
        cpu_vendor: "amd"
      when: "'AuthenticAMD' in ansible_processor"

传递外部变量

方式1: -e参数

上述样例的运行命令修改一下, 将app_version通过命令行传给playbook:

ansible-playbook install_myapp.yml -e "group=localhost app_version=v1.7.0"
# 或者
ansible-playbook install_myapp.yml -e group="localhost app_version=v1.7.0"

方式2: Inventory Group vars

在Inventory文件(如/etc/ansible/host)中定义:

[mygroup]
www.huzhenwei.top

[mygroup:vars]
app_version=v1.7.0

运行命令如下, 观察结果可以知道app_version已经传递给playbook了:

ansible-playbook install_myapp.yml -e group=mygroup