STM32 产生随机数方式

PegasusYu

已于 2023-12-26 11:08:01 修改

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分类专栏： STM32 文章标签： stm32 随机数伪随机数随机数产生随机数生成

于 2023-04-24 08:25:08 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hwytree/article/details/129553548

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STM32 产生随机数方式

C语言的stdlib.h库里的srand(unsigned seed)和rand(void)函数，可以配合产生伪随机数。其中srand(seed)产生算法种子，再由rand()通过算法产生随机数，产生的随机数在宏定义RAND_MAX范围内。如果seed不变，则产生的随机数不变。

这里介绍STM32 HAL库环境的随机数产生代码，采用STM32CUBEIDE开发环境，以STM32F103C6T6为例,通过USB虚拟串口将归一化随机数打印出，归一化随机数为0~1之间的浮点值。顺便这里将STM32指令微秒延时函数PY_Delay_us_t(us);的基本参数usDelayBase的测定值打印出。STM32微秒延时函数参考： STM32 HAL us delay（微秒延时）的指令延时实现方式及优化。

这里介绍的方法，不依赖于硬件产生随机数的方式，因此也可以用于STM8和其它厂家的各种MCU产生随机数。

STM32工程配置

首先建立基本工程并设置时钟，这里只用到USB接口用于打印输出：
在这里插入图片描述

设置USB虚拟串口：

保存并生成初始工程文件：

STM32随机数生成代码

随机数种子seed的选择，在计算机应用领域，可以采用系统时间作为种子，而在嵌入式方面，因为STM32 HAL有不断运行的毫秒计数值uwTick，因此可选作随机数种子。uwTick是递增形态，为了加强随机性，还可以将uwTick进行一次CRC32计算得到32位验证码，然后用此验证码作为随机数种子。STM32的硬件和软件CRC32计算，参考 C语言CRC-32 STM32格式校验函数，硬件CRC32可以加快随机数产生速度，而软件CRC32则具有通用型，一些型号MCU并不具有硬件CRC32计算组件。

采用空间节约的编译方式，参考 STM32 region `FLASH‘ overflowed by xxx bytes 问题解决
USB虚拟串口的使用，参考 STM32 USB VCOM和HID的区别，配置及Echo功能实现（HAL）
采用的浮点转字符函数py_f2s4printf()，参考 STM32 UART串口printf函数应用及浮点打印代码空间节省 (HAL)

主要功能代码实现部分如下：

      if(USB_CONN_STATUS())
      {
    	     py_f2s4printf(fchar, usDelayBase, 8);
    	     sprintf(console, "usDelayBase for STM32F103 in 72MHz is %s\r\n", fchar);
			 CDC_Transmit_FS((uint8_t*)console, strlen(console)) ;

			 seed = uwTick;
			 srand((unsigned)PY_CRC_32_T32_STM32(&seed, 1));
			 rn = ((float)rand())/RAND_MAX;
			 py_f2s4printf(fchar, rn, 8);
			 sprintf(console, "Random number is %s\r\n\r\n", fchar);
			 CDC_Transmit_FS((uint8_t*)console, strlen(console)) ;
      }

包含主要功能代码的完整的main.c文件：

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usb_device.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "string.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
__IO float usDelayBase;
void PY_usDelayTest(void)
{
  __IO uint32_t firstms, secondms;
  __IO uint32_t counter = 0;

  firstms = HAL_GetTick()+1;
  secondms = firstms+1;

  while(uwTick!=firstms) ;

  while(uwTick!=secondms) counter++;

  usDelayBase = ((float)counter)/1000;
}

void PY_Delay_us_t(uint32_t Delay)
{
  __IO uint32_t delayReg;
  __IO uint32_t usNum = (uint32_t)(Delay*usDelayBase);

  delayReg = 0;
  while(delayReg!=usNum) delayReg++;
}

void PY_usDelayOptimize(void)
{
  __IO uint32_t firstms, secondms;
  __IO float coe = 1.0;

  firstms = HAL_GetTick();
  PY_Delay_us_t(1000000) ;
  secondms = HAL_GetTick();

  coe = ((float)1000)/(secondms-firstms);
  usDelayBase = coe*usDelayBase;
}


void PY_Delay_us(uint32_t Delay)
{
  __IO uint32_t delayReg;

  __IO uint32_t msNum = Delay/1000;
  __IO uint32_t usNum = (uint32_t)((Delay%1000)*usDelayBase);

  if(msNum>0) HAL_Delay(msNum);

  delayReg = 0;
  while(delayReg!=usNum) delayReg++;
}
/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
uint32_t PY_CRC_32_T32_STM32(uint32_t *di, uint32_t len)
{
	uint32_t crc_poly = 0x04C11DB7;  //X^32+X^26+X^23+X^22+X^16+X^12+X^11+X^10+X^8+X^7+X^5+X^4+X^2+X^1+1 total 32 effective bits without X^32.
	//uint32_t data_t = 0; //CRC register
	uint32_t data_t = 0xffffffff; //CRC register

    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
    	data_t ^= di[i]; //32-bit data

        for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 32; j++)
        {
            if (data_t & 0x80000000)
            	data_t = (data_t << 1) ^ crc_poly;
            else
            	data_t <<= 1;
        }
    }
    return (data_t);
}

uint32_t seed;
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/*
*Convert float to string type
*Written by Pegasus Yu in 2022
*stra: string address as mychar from char mychar[];
*float: float input like 12.345
*flen: fraction length as 3 for 12.345
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
void py_f2s4printf(char * stra, float x, uint8_t flen)
{
	uint32_t base;
	int64_t dn;
	char mc[32];

	base = pow(10,flen);
	dn = x*base;
	sprintf(stra, "%d.", (int)(dn/base));
	dn = abs(dn);
	if(dn%base==0)
	{
		for(uint8_t j=1;j<=flen;j++)
		{
			stra = strcat(stra, "0");
		}
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		if(flen==1){
			sprintf(mc, "%d", (int)(dn%base));
			stra = strcat(stra, mc);
			return;
		}

		for(uint8_t j=1;j<flen;j++)
		{
			if((dn%base)<pow(10,j))
			{
				for(uint8_t k=1;k<=(flen-j);k++)
				{
					stra = strcat(stra, "0");
				}
				sprintf(mc, "%d", (int)(dn%base));
				stra = strcat(stra, mc);
				return;
			}
		}
		sprintf(mc, "%d", (int)(dn%base));
		stra = strcat(stra, mc);
		return;
	}
}

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
char fchar[16];
char console[256];

float rn;
/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USB_DEVICE_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
  PY_usDelayTest();
  PY_usDelayOptimize();


  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
      if(USB_CONN_STATUS())
      {
    	     py_f2s4printf(fchar, usDelayBase, 8);
    	     sprintf(console, "usDelayBase for STM32F103 in 72MHz is %s\r\n", fchar);
			 CDC_Transmit_FS((uint8_t*)console, strlen(console)) ;

			 seed = uwTick;
			 srand((unsigned)PY_CRC_32_T32_STM32(&seed, 1));
			 rn = ((float)rand())/RAND_MAX;
			 py_f2s4printf(fchar, rn, 8);
			 sprintf(console, "Random number is %s\r\n\r\n", fchar);
			 CDC_Transmit_FS((uint8_t*)console, strlen(console)) ;
      }

      PY_Delay_us_t(500000);

    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USB;
  PeriphClkInit.UsbClockSelection = RCC_USBCLKSOURCE_PLL_DIV1_5;
  if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/**
  * @brief GPIO Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{

  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();

}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

代码测试效果

版本下载后，通过USB连接虚拟串口，测试效果如下：

在这里插入图片描述

例程下载

STM32F103C6T6为例随机数产生例程下载

–End–

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STM32 产生随机数方式

C语言的stdlib.h库里的srand(unsigned seed)和rand(void)函数，可以配合产生伪随机数。其中srand(seed)产生算法种子，再由rand()通过算法产生随机数，产生的随机数在宏定义RAND_MAX范围内。如果seed不变，则产生的随机数不变。这里介绍STM32 HAL库环境的随机数产生代码，采用STM32CUBEIDE开发环境，以STM32F103C6T6为例,通过USB虚拟串口将归一化随机数打印出，归一化随机数为0~1之间的浮点值。
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