学号 129 原创作品,转载请注明出处。
本实验资源来源: https://github.com/mengning/linuxkernel/
实验环境
实验楼虚拟机环境
参考代码:https://github.com/mengning/mykernel
实验步骤
一. 在虚拟机中打开shell,依次输入以下指令
cd LinuxKernel/linux-3.9.4
rm -rf mykernel
patch -p1 < ../mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch
make allnoconfig
make
qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage
实验截图如下:
可以看到在QEMU窗口中不断的循环输出字符串,一个简单的内核已经运行.
二. 分析mykernel中的输出代码mymain.c和myinterrupt.c
这个简单的内核在启动之后,系统周期性调用my_start_kernel函数,在时间片中断时性调用my_timer_handler函数
三.一个简单的时间片轮转多道程序
获取孟老师在 https://github.com/mengning/mykernel 提供的代码,下载mymain.c和myinterrupt.c mypcb.h三个文件到mykernel中
修改一下mypcb.h中的一处注释,重新四线程加速编译
得到最后的效果如下,可以看到系统进程的切换过程
4.时间片轮转代码分析
#define MAX_TASK_NUM 4
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE 1024*2
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
unsigned long ip;
unsigned long sp;
};
typedef struct PCB{
int pid;
volatile long state; /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
unsigned long stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread thread;
unsigned long task_entry;
struct PCB *next;
}tPCB;
void my_schedule(void);
头文件mypcb.h中定义了一些宏和进程的pcb块,进程结构体中存储着进程号,进程状态,下一个进程的地址等消息,形成了进程链表
extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;
/*
* Called by timer interrupt.
* it runs in the name of current running process,
* so it use kernel stack of current running process
*/
void my_timer_handler(void)
{
#if 1
if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
my_need_sched = 1;
}
time_count ++ ;
#endif
return;
}
void my_schedule(void)
{
tPCB * next;
tPCB * prev;
if(my_current_task == NULL
|| my_current_task->next == NULL)
{
return;
}
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
/* schedule */
next = my_current_task->next;
prev = my_current_task;
if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
{
my_current_task = next;
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
/* switch to next process */
asm volatile(
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" /* save ebp */
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /* save esp */
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /* restore esp */
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /* save eip */
"pushl %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
"1:\t" /* next process start here */
"popl %%ebp\n\t"
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
);
}
return;
}
myinterrupt.c中定义了两个函数my_time_handler和my_schedule,
其中my_time_handler函数周期性(系统发生中断时)地向CPU发出中断请求并输出>>>my_timer_handler here<<<
my_schedule函数用于进程的上下文切换,输出>>>my_schedule<<<
当下一个进程运行状态为0时,输出>>>switch %d to %d<<<
其中汇编代码嵌入的部分,用于保存进程切换时的相关寄存器的值,用于进程中断后的恢复
tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;
volatile int my_need_sched = 0;
void my_process(void);
void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
int pid = 0;
int i;
/* Initialize process 0*/
task[pid].pid = pid;
task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[pid].next = &task[pid];
/*fork more process */
for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
{
memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
task[i].pid = i;
//*(&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1] - 1) = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)(&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1]);
task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
task[i-1].next = &task[i];
}
/* start process 0 by task[0] */
pid = 0;
my_current_task = &task[pid];
asm volatile(
"movl %1,%%esp\n\t" /* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
"pushl %1\n\t" /* push ebp */
"pushl %0\n\t" /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
"ret\n\t" /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
:
: "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp) /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
);
}
int i = 0;
void my_process(void)
{
while(1)
{
i++;
if(i%10000000 == 0)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
if(my_need_sched == 1)
{
my_need_sched = 0;
my_schedule();
}
printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
}
}
}
mymain.c文件用于进程的初始化创建和启动
my_start_kernel,初始化一个进程,其余进程都由其fork而来,每个进程有自己的堆栈并指向下一个进程
my_process函数:每过一定时间输出现在运行的进程id,且my_need_sched == 1时,调用myinterrupt.c中的my_schedule函数,切换进程并继续输出当前运行的进程id
五.总结
- 操作系统当中一个必不可少的功能就是对进程的管理,本次实验简单的实现了时间片轮转的调度算法.
- 对于进程来说,它们存在的唯一标志就是PCB,我们可以通过对PCB块状态等信息的修改来模拟不同进程间切换运行的过程
- 操作系统初始化的时候只有一个进程,其余进程都由该0号进程fork而来
- 本次实验较为复杂的地方是上下文中断和进程间切换的过程模拟,处理方法通过以上代码中的部分嵌入式汇编语言保护现场和恢复现场有所体现解决思路
- 系统中中断一般由硬件实现