数据压缩实验一
一、实验目的
1.学会从计算和程序的角度分析问题
通过完成本实验，理解计算思维，即从问题出发，通过逐步分析和分解，把原问题转化 为可用程序方式解决的问题。在此过程中设计出一个解决方案。
2.进一步理解彩色空间的概念并掌握不同彩色空间转换的基本方程。
3.通过逐步设计程序，掌握编程细节:如查找表的设计，内存分配，对U和V信号进行下采样，文件读写过程等。掌握程序调试的基本方法。
二、实验原理
1、基本公式
亮度方程：
Y
＝
0.2990
R
+
0.5870
G
+
0.1140
B
R
−
Y
＝
0.7010
R
−
0.5870
G
−
0.1140
B
B
−
Y
＝
−
0.2990
R
−
0.5870
G
+
0.8860
B
Y＝0.2990R+0.5870G+0.1140B\\ R-Y＝0.7010R-0.5870G-0.1140B\\ B-Y＝-0.2990R-0.5870G+0.8860B
Y＝0.2990R+0.5870G+0.1140BR−Y＝0.7010R−0.5870G−0.1140BB−Y＝−0.2990R−0.5870G+0.8860B
色差信号：
P
b
=
0.564
(
B
−
Y
)
=
−
0.1684
R
−
0.3316
G
+
0.5000
B
P
r
=
0.713
(
R
−
Y
)
=
+
0.5000
R
−
0.4187
G
−
0.0813
B
P_b =0.564(B-Y)=−0.1684R−0.3316G+0.5000B\\ P_r =0.713(R-Y)=+0.5000R−0.4187G−0.0813B
Pb=0.564(B−Y)=−0.1684R−0.3316G+0.5000BPr=0.713(R−Y)=+0.5000R−0.4187G−0.0813B
2、电平分配
亮度信号：
在对分量信号进行8比特均匀量化时，共分为256个等间隔的量化级。为了防止信号变动造成过载，在256级上端留20级，下端留16级作为信号超越动态范围的保护带。
色差信号：
色差信号经过归一化处理后，动态范围为-0.5－0.5，让色差零电平对应码电平128，色差信号总共占225个量化级。在256级上端留15级，下端留16级作为信号超越动态范围。
三、实验代码：
1、RGB转YUV
由于自己编程比较差，所以借鉴了老师的代码，代码如下：
- rgb2yuv.h
int RGB2YUV (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, void *y_out, void *u_out, void *v_out, int flip);
void InitLookupTable();
- rgb2yuv.cpp
int RGB2YUV (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, void *y_out, void *u_out, void *v_out, int flip);
void InitLookupTable();
- main.cpp
int RGB2YUV (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, void *y_out, void *u_out, void *v_out, int flip)
{
static int init_done = 0;
long i, j, size;
unsigned char *r, *g, *b;
unsigned char *y, *u, *v;
unsigned char *pu1, *pu2, *pv1, *pv2, *psu, *psv;
unsigned char *y_buffer, *u_buffer, *v_buffer;
unsigned char *sub_u_buf, *sub_v_buf;
if (init_done == 0)
{
InitLookupTable();
init_done = 1;
}
// check to see if x_dim and y_dim are divisible by 2
if ((x_dim % 2) || (y_dim % 2)) return 1;
size = x_dim * y_dim;
// allocate memory
y_buffer = (unsigned char *)y_out;
sub_u_buf = (unsigned char *)u_out;
sub_v_buf = (unsigned char *)v_out;
u_buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
v_buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
if (!(u_buffer && v_buffer))
{
if (u_buffer) free(u_buffer);
if (v_buffer) free(v_buffer);
return 2;
}
b = (unsigned char *)bmp;
y = y_buffer;
u = u_buffer;
v = v_buffer;
// convert RGB to YUV
if (!flip) {
for (j = 0; j < y_dim; j ++)
{
y = y_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
u = u_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
v = v_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
for (i = 0; i < x_dim; i ++) {
g = b + 1;
r = b + 2;
*y = (unsigned char)( RGBYUV02990[*r] + RGBYUV05870[*g] + RGBYUV01140[*b]);
*u = (unsigned char)(- RGBYUV01684[*r] - RGBYUV03316[*g] + (*b)/2 + 128);
*v = (unsigned char)( (*r)/2 - RGBYUV04187[*g] - RGBYUV00813[*b] + 128);
b += 3;
y ++;
u ++;
v ++;
}
}
} else {
for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
g = b + 1;
r = b + 2;
*y = (unsigned char)( RGBYUV02990[*r] + RGBYUV05870[*g] + RGBYUV01140[*b]);
*u = (unsigned char)(- RGBYUV01684[*r] - RGBYUV03316[*g] + (*b)/2 + 128);
*v = (unsigned char)( (*r)/2 - RGBYUV04187[*g] - RGBYUV00813[*b] + 128);
b += 3;
y ++;
u ++;
v ++;
}
}
// subsample UV
for (j = 0; j < y_dim/2; j ++)
{
psu = sub_u_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
psv = sub_v_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
pu1 = u_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
pu2 = u_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
pv1 = v_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
pv2 = v_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
for (i = 0; i < x_dim/2; i ++)
{
*psu = (*pu1 + *(pu1+1) + *pu2 + *(pu2+1)) / 4;
*psv = (*pv1 + *(pv1+1) + *pv2 + *(pv2+1)) / 4;
psu ++;
psv ++;
pu1 += 2;
pu2 += 2;
pv1 += 2;
pv2 += 2;
}
}
free(u_buffer);
free(v_buffer);
return 0;
}
void InitLookupTable()
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV02990[i] = (float)0.2990 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV05870[i] = (float)0.5870 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV01140[i] = (float)0.1140 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV01684[i] = (float)0.1684 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV03316[i] = (float)0.3316 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV04187[i] = (float)0.4187 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV00813[i] = (float)0.0813 * i;
}
2、YUV转RGB
参考老师给的RGB转YUV的代码编写，编写过程中学习使用了查找表，具体代码如下：
- yuv2rgb.h
int YUV2RGB (int x, int yy, void *rgb_out, void *y_in, void *u_in, void *v_in, int flip);
void InitLookupTable();
- yuv2rgb.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "yuv2rgb.h"
static float RGBYUV14075[256], RGBYUV03455[256];
static float RGBYUV01779[256], RGBYUV07169[256];
int YUV2RGB (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *rgb_out, void *y_in, void *u_in, void *v_in, int flip)
{
static int init_done = 0;
long i, j, size;
unsigned char *r, *g, *b;
unsigned char *y, *u, *v;
unsigned char *pu1, *pu2, *pv1, *pv2, *psu, *psv;
unsigned char *exp_u_buf, *exp_v_buf;
unsigned char *u_buffer,*v_buffer,*y_buffer,*rgb_buffer;
if (init_done == 0)
{
InitLookupTable();
init_done = 1;
}
if ((x_dim % 2) || (y_dim % 2)) return 1;
size = x_dim * y_dim;
exp_u_buf = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
exp_v_buf = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
y_buffer = (unsigned char *)y_in;
u_buffer = (unsigned char *)u_in;
v_buffer = (unsigned char *)v_in;
rgb_buffer =(unsigned char *)rgb_out;
g = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
r = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
/*yuv文件的采样格式是4:20的格式,UV的采样点数应为Y采样点数的1/4
先将U,V扩展成原来的4倍*/
for (j=0; j<y_dim/2;j++)
{ psu=u_buffer +j*x_dim/2;
psv=v_buffer +j*x_dim/2;
pu1 = exp_u_buf+2*j*x_dim;
pu2 = exp_u_buf+(2*j+1)*x_dim;
pv1 = exp_v_buf+2*j*x_dim;
pv2 = exp_v_buf+(2*j+1)*x_dim;
for (i=0;i<x_dim/2;i++)
{
*pu1=*psu;
*(pu1+1)=*psu;
*pu2=*psu,
*(pu2+1)=*psu;
*pv1=*psv;*(pv1+1)=*psv;
*pv2=*psv,*(pv2+1)=*psv;
psu ++;
psv ++;
pu1 += 2;
pu2 += 2;
pv1 += 2;
pv2 += 2;
}
}
if (!(u_buffer && v_buffer))
{
if (u_buffer) free(u_buffer);
if (v_buffer) free(v_buffer);
return 2;
}
y = (unsigned char *)y_in;
u = exp_u_buf;
v = exp_v_buf;
b= rgb_buffer;
if (flip) {
for (j = 0; j < y_dim; j ++)
{ y = y_buffer + (y_dim- j - 1) * x_dim;
u = exp_u_buf + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
v = exp_v_buf + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
for (i = 0; i < x_dim; i ++) {
g = b+1;
r = b+2;
float r0, g0, b0;
r0 = ( (*y)+RGBYUV14075[*v]);
g0 = ( (*y)-RGBYUV03455[*u]- RGBYUV07169[*v]);
b0 = ( (*y)+RGBYUV01779[*u] );
*r = (r0 > 0 ? (r0 > 255 ? 255 : (unsigned char)r0) : 0);
*g = (g0 > 0 ? (g0 > 255 ? 255 : (unsigned char)g0) : 0);
*b = (b0 > 0 ? (b0 > 255 ? 255 : (unsigned char)b0) : 0);
b += 3;
y ++;
u ++;
v ++;
}
}
} else {
for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
u= v + 1;
y = v + 2;
*r = (unsigned char)( (*y)+RGBYUV14075[(*v)-128]);
*g = (unsigned char)((*y)-RGBYUV03455[(*u)-128]- RGBYUV07169[(*v)-128]);
*b = (unsigned char)( (*y)+RGBYUV01779[(*u)-128] );
v += 3;
r ++ ;
g ++ ;
b ++ ;
}
}
free(exp_u_buf );
free(exp_v_buf);
return 0;
}
void InitLookupTable()
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV14075[i] =(float)1.4075 *(i-128);
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV03455[i] = (float)0.3455 *( i-128);
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV07169[i] = (float)0.7169 * (i-128);
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV01779[i] = (float)1.7790*( i-128);
}
- main.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "yuv2rgb.h"
#define u_int8_t unsigned __int8
#define u_int unsigned __int32
#define u_int32_t unsigned __int32
#define FALSE false
#define TRUE true
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
u_int frameWidth = 352;
u_int frameHeight = 240;
bool flip = TRUE;
unsigned char i;
char* rgbFileName = NULL;
char* yuvFileName = NULL;
FILE* rgbFile = NULL;
FILE* yuvFile = NULL;
u_int8_t * yuvBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t * rgbBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t * yBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t * uBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t * vBuf = NULL;
yuvFileName = argv[1];
rgbFileName = argv[2];
frameWidth = atoi(argv[3]);
frameHeight = atoi(argv[4]);
yuvFile = fopen(yuvFileName, "rb");
if (yuvFile == NULL)
{
printf("cannot find yuv file\n");
exit(1);
}
else
{
printf("The input yuv file is %s\n", yuvFileName);
}
rgbFile = fopen(rgbFileName, "wb");
if (rgbFile == NULL)
{
printf("cannot find rgb file\n");
exit(1);
}
else
{
printf("The output rgb file is %s\n", rgbFileName);
}
yuvBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight * 1.5);//输入缓冲区
yBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight);
uBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
vBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);//输出缓冲区
rgbBuf=(u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight * 3);
fread(yuvBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight*1.5 , yuvFile);
if (yuvBuf == NULL || yBuf == NULL || uBuf == NULL || vBuf == NULL)
{
printf("no enought memory\n");
exit(1);
}
for(int m=0;m < frameWidth * frameHeight ;m++)
{
yBuf[m]=yuvBuf[m];
}
for(int m=0;m <(frameWidth * frameHeight)/4 ;m++)
{
uBuf[m]=yuvBuf[(frameWidth * frameHeight)+m];
}
for(int m=0;m <(frameWidth * frameHeight)/4 ;m++)
{
vBuf[m]=yuvBuf[int((frameWidth * frameHeight)*1.25)+m];
}
if( !YUV2RGB(frameWidth, frameHeight, rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, flip))
{
fwrite(rgbBuf, 1, frameWidth*frameHeight*3, rgbFile);
}
fclose(rgbFile);
fclose(yuvFile);
return(0);
}
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