数据压缩实验四
实验目的:
掌握DPCM编解码系统的基本原理。初步掌握实验用C/C++/Python等语言编程实现DPCM编码器,并分析其压缩效率。
实验原理:
1.DPCM
DPCM是差分预测编码调制,是比较典型的预测编码系统。在DPCM系统中,需要注意的是预测器的输入是已经解码以后的样本。之所以不用原始样本来做预测,是因为在解码端无法得到原始样本,只能得到存在误差的样本。因此,在DPCM编码器中实际内嵌了一个解码器,如编码器中虚线框中所示。
首先输入一个图像,与上一个图像的预测值做差,将差值进行编码。
编码后的差值有两个去向,一是直接输出,二是通过解码器解出差值,再与上一帧的预测值相加,就得到了当前图像的预测值,为下一帧图像到来时做好准备。
2.PSNR
PSNR是峰值信噪比,是一种度量图像失真的方式,与图像质量近似成正比关系。本实验使用PSNR作为图像质量评价的指标。
实验程序:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<malloc.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
double PSNR( unsigned char* standard, unsigned char* image,int height,int width,int bitNum )
{
double psnr = 0, MSE = 0;
for( int i = 0; i < height * width; i++ )
{
MSE += 1ll* (image[i] - standard[i]) * (image[i] - standard[i]);
}
MSE /= height * width;
long long t = 1 << bitNum; t -= 1; t *= t;
psnr = 10 * log10( t / MSE);
return psnr;
}
void GetFrequency( unsigned char* buffer, double* frequency,int height,int width )
{
int length = height * width;
for( int i = 0; i < length; i++ ) frequency[buffer[i]] ++;
for( int i = 0; i < 256; i++ ) frequency[i] /= length;
}
int main(int argc,char** argv)
{
char *yuvfilename=NULL;
char *re_y_filename=NULL;
char *err_filename=NULL;
FILE* yuvfile=NULL;
FILE* re_y_file=NULL;
FILE* err_file=NULL;
int width,height;
yuvfilename=argv[1];
re_y_filename=argv[2];
err_filename=argv[3];
width=atoi(argv[4]);
height=atoi(argv[5]);
unsigned char* u_buffer=NULL;
unsigned char* v_buffer=NULL;
unsigned char* y_buffer=NULL;
unsigned char* re_y_buffer=NULL;
unsigned char* err_buffer=NULL;
yuvfile=fopen(yuvfilename,"rb");
if(yuvfile==0)
{
printf("cannot find yuv file.\n");
}
else
{
printf("open yuv file successfully!\n");
}
y_buffer=(unsigned char*)malloc(width*height);
u_buffer=(unsigned char*)malloc(width*height/4);
v_buffer=(unsigned char*)malloc(width*height/4);
err_buffer=(unsigned char*)malloc(width*height*1.5);
re_y_buffer=(unsigned char*)malloc(width*height*1.5);
fread(y_buffer,1,width*height,yuvfile);
fread(u_buffer,1,width*height/4,yuvfile);
fread(v_buffer,1,width*height/4,yuvfile);
FILE *orig;
orig=fopen("C:/wsfw/sjys/dpcm/dpcm/orig.txt","wb");
double frequency[256]={0};
GetFrequency(y_buffer,frequency,height,width);
for(int i=0;i<256;i++)
{
fprintf(orig,"%d\t%f\n",i,frequency[i]);
}
//DPCM编码
for(int i=0;i<width*height;i++)
{
float err;
if(i%width==0)
{
err=float(y_buffer[i])-128;
err_buffer[i]=(unsigned char)(err/2+128);
re_y_buffer[i]=(unsigned char)(128+(err_buffer[i]-128)*2);
}
else
{
err=float(y_buffer[i]-re_y_buffer[i-1]);
err_buffer[i]=(unsigned char)(err/2+128);
re_y_buffer[i]=(unsigned char)(re_y_buffer[i-1]+(err_buffer[i]-128)*2);
}
}
FILE *err;
err=fopen("C:/wsfw/sjys/dpcm/dpcm/err.txt","wb");
double frequency_[256]={0};
GetFrequency(err_buffer,frequency_,height,width);
for(int i=0;i<256;i++)
{
fprintf(err,"%d\t%f\n",i,frequency_[i]);
}
//计算PSNR
cout<<"psnr="<<PSNR(y_buffer,re_y_buffer,height,width,8)<<endl;
re_y_file=fopen(re_y_filename,"wb");
err_file=fopen(err_filename,"wb");
fwrite(re_y_buffer,width*height,1,re_y_file);
fwrite(u_buffer,width*height/4,1,re_y_file);
fwrite(v_buffer,width*height/4,1,re_y_file);
fwrite(err_buffer,width*height,1,err_file);
fwrite(u_buffer,width*height/4,1,err_file);
fwrite(v_buffer,width*height/4,1,err_file);
fclose(re_y_file);
fclose(err_file);
}
实验结果:
绘制频率分布图:
用哈夫曼编码进行熵编码
从两个文件的大小可以看到,实现了数据的压缩。